It was the first time that the word "Trust" appeared in the name of a firm. A Committee of nine members, or trustees, was formed. It comprised all the Rockefeller family: John Rockefeller, Payne, William Rockefeller, Bestwick, Flager, Warden, Pratt, Brewster, Archbold. The nine trustees became the sole delegates and depositories of all the 39 companies conjointly engaged. They received from each concern the shares and the corresponding voting powers. Trust Certificates, of a nominal value of 100 dollars, were exchanged for shares only in the proportion of the value of each undertaking to the total value of all the undertakings constituting the Trust. The Agreement of 1882 which sealed the pact, provided for the admission into the Trust of new companies and the eventual formation of a _Standard Oil Company_ in each State of the Union. Companies of four kinds entered the combine of 1882:-- 1. Fourteen companies in which _the whole_ of the shares were held by the trustees. Among these were the _Atlantic Refining Company_, the _Standard of Ohio_, and the _Standard of Pittsburgh_. The first of these companies succeeded in recovering its liberty in 1911. 2. Rich private individuals, having an interest in the oil industry and holders of large parcels of shares, such as W.C. Andrews and John Archbold. 3. Twenty-four companies in which the _majority_ of the shares were held by the trustees:-- _Central Refining Company of Pittsburgh_, _Germania Mining_, _Empire Refining_, _Keystone Refining_, _National Transit Company_, etc. These twenty-four companies placed themselves under the control of the Trust from 1882 onward. Two others have come in under compulsion:-- (1) The _Tide-water Pipe-line Company_, having constructed pipe-lines itself, entered into fierce competition with the _Standard_. On October 9, 1883, it was compelled to negotiate with the _National Company_. Under the resulting contract, it agreed to provide 11-1/2 per cent. of the quantity sent to the ports by pipe-lines as its share of the traffic, and was guaranteed an annual profit of at least half a million dollars for fifteen years. (2) _The Producers' Associated Oil Company_, born of a concerted effort of independent producers to fight the _Standard_, gave in in October, 1887. 4. One other company alone forms the fourth class. The Trust has an interest in this but has never been able, whatever its efforts, to obtain the majority of the shares and to control the company. This is the _United States Pipe-Line Company_. This company experienced many difficulties and mortifications. After having struggled against the inertia of the railways devoted to the _Standard Oil_, and spent more than 15,000 dollars on law costs alone, it succeeded in pushing its lines up to Washington, but could never get any further, nor reach the coast; the _Standard_ bought up the intervening territory.