This arrangement is one of the best of the many illustrations of how
by the use of foresight and ingenuity the Wrights met the challenge of
a complex requirement with a simple device, for while carburetors were
not in the perfected stage later attained, quite good ones that would
both control power output and supply a fairly constant fuel-air
mixture over a range of operating conditions were available, but they
were complex, heavy, and expensive. The arrangement, moreover, secured
at no cost a good vaporizer, or modern "hot spot." In their subsequent
engines they took the control of the fuel metering away from the
regulating valve and gravity tank combination and substituted an
engine-driven fuel pump which provided a fuel supply bearing a fairly
close relationship to engine speed.
The reasons behind selection of the type of ignition used, and the
considerations entering into the decision, are open to speculation, as
are those concerning many other elements that eventually made up the
engine. Both the high-tension spark plug and low-tension
make-and-break systems had been in wide use for many years, with the
latter constituting the majority in 1902. Both were serviceable and
therefore acceptable, and both required a "magneto". The art of the
spark plug was in a sense esoteric (to a certain extent it so remains
to this day), but the spark-plug system did involve a much simpler
combination of parts: in addition to the plug and magneto there would
be needed only a timer, or distributor, together with coils and
points, or some substitute arrangement. The make-and-break system, on
the other hand, required for each cylinder what was physically the
equivalent of a spark plug, that is, a moving arm and contact point
inside the cylinder, a spring-loaded snap mechanism to break the
contact outside the cylinder, and a camshaft and cams to actuate the
breaker mechanism at the proper time. Furthermore, as the Wrights
applied it, the system required dry cells and a coil for starting,
although these did not accompany the engine in flight. And finally
there was the problem of keeping tight the joint where the
oscillating shaft required to operate the moving point in the spark
plug entered the cylinder.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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