Apologetics -- History -- Early church, ca. 30-600; Celsus (Platonic philosopher), active 180; Theology -- History -- Early Church, ca. 30-600
3. We now turn our attention to some of our own [believers], who, either
from feebleness of intellect or want of proper instruction, adopt a very
low and abject view of the resurrection of the body. We ask these
persons in what manner they understand that an animal body is to be
changed by the grace of the resurrection, and to become a spiritual one;
and how that which is sown in weakness will arise in power; how that
which is planted in dishonour will arise in glory; and that which was
sown in corruption, will be changed to a state of incorruption. Because
if they believe the apostle, that a body which arises in glory, and
power, and incorruptibility, has already become spiritual, it appears
absurd and contrary to his meaning to say that it can again be entangled
with the passions of flesh and blood, seeing the apostle manifestly
declares that “flesh and blood shall not inherit the kingdom of God, nor
shall corruption inherit incorruption.” But how do they understand the
declaration of the apostle, “We shall all be changed?” This
transformation certainly is to be looked for, according to the order
which we have taught above; and in it, undoubtedly, it becomes us to
hope for something worthy of divine grace; and this we believe will take
place in the order in which the apostle describes the sowing in the
ground of a “bare grain of corn, or of any other fruit,” to which “God
gives a body as it pleases Him,” as soon as the grain of corn is dead.
For in the same way also our bodies are to be supposed to fall into the
earth like a grain; and (that germ being implanted in them which
contains the bodily substance) although the bodies die, and become
corrupted, and are scattered abroad, yet by the word of God, that very
germ which is always safe in the substance of the body, raises them from
the earth, and restores and repairs them, as the power which is in the
grain of wheat, after its corruption and death, repairs and restores the
grain into a body having stalk and ear. And so also to those who shall
deserve to obtain an inheritance in the kingdom of heaven, that germ of
the body’s restoration, which we have before mentioned, by God’s command
restores out of the earthly and animal body a spiritual one, capable of
inhabiting the heavens; while to each one of those who may be of
inferior merit, or of more abject condition, or even the lowest in the
scale, and altogether thrust aside, there is yet given, in proportion to
the dignity of his life and soul, a glory and dignity of
body,—nevertheless in such a way, that even the body which rises again
of those who are to be destined to everlasting fire or to severe
punishments, is by the very change of the resurrection so incorruptible,
that it cannot be corrupted and dissolved even by severe punishments.
If, then, such be the qualities of that body which will arise from the
dead, let us now see what is the meaning of the threatening of eternal
fire.
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