Apologetics -- History -- Early church, ca. 30-600; Celsus (Platonic philosopher), active 180; Theology -- History -- Early Church, ca. 30-600
2. If, then, they acquiesce in our assertion, which reason itself has
demonstrated, regarding the nature of light, and acknowledge that God
cannot be understood to be a body in the sense that light is, similar
reasoning will hold true of the expression “a consuming fire.” For what
will God consume in respect of His being fire? Shall He be thought to
consume material substance, as wood, or hay, or stubble? And what in
this view can be called worthy of the glory of God, if He be a fire,
consuming materials of that kind? But let us reflect that God does
indeed consume and utterly destroy; that He consumes evil thoughts,
wicked actions, and sinful desires, when they find their way into the
minds of believers; and that, inhabiting along with His Son those souls
which are rendered capable of receiving His word and wisdom, according
to His own declaration, “I and the Father shall come, and we shall make
our abode with him,”[23] He makes them, after all their vices and
passions have been consumed, a holy temple, worthy of Himself. Those,
moreover, who, on account of the expression “God is a Spirit,” think
that He is a body, are to be answered, I think, in the following manner.
It is the custom of sacred Scripture, when it wishes to designate
anything opposed to this gross and solid body, to call it spirit, as in
the expression, “The letter killeth, but the spirit giveth life,”[24]
where there can be no doubt that by “letter” are meant bodily things,
and by “spirit” intellectual things, which we also term “spiritual.” The
apostle, moreover, says, “Even unto this day, when Moses is read, the
veil is upon their heart: nevertheless, when it shall turn to the Lord,
the veil shall be taken away: and where the Spirit of the Lord is, there
is liberty.”[25] For so long as any one is not converted to a spiritual
understanding, a veil is placed over his heart, with which veil, _i.e._
a gross understanding, Scripture itself is said or thought to be
covered: and this is the meaning of the statement that a veil was placed
over the countenance of Moses when he spoke to the people, _i.e._ when
the law was publicly read aloud. But if we turn to the Lord, where also
is the word of God, and where the Holy Spirit reveals spiritual
knowledge, then the veil is taken away, and with unveiled face we shall
behold the glory of the Lord in the holy Scriptures.
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