Apologetics -- History -- Early church, ca. 30-600; Celsus (Platonic philosopher), active 180; Theology -- History -- Early Church, ca. 30-600
sparrows for a denarius, whether sparrows there be understood
figuratively or literally. Now indeed this providential government is
still a subject of investigation, but then it will be fully manifested.
From all which we are to suppose, that meanwhile not a little time may
pass by until the reason of those things only which are upon the earth
be pointed out to the worthy and deserving after their departure from
life, that by the knowledge of all these things, and by the grace of
full knowledge, they may enjoy an unspeakable joy. Then, if that
atmosphere which is between heaven and earth is not devoid of
inhabitants, and those of a rational kind, as the apostle says, “Wherein
in times past ye walked according to the course of this world, according
to the prince of the power of the air, the spirit who now worketh in the
children of disobedience.”[343] And again he says, “We shall be caught
up in the clouds to meet Christ in the air, and so shall we ever be with
the Lord.”[344]
6. We are therefore to suppose that the saints will remain there until
they recognise the twofold mode of government in those things which are
performed in the air. And when I say “twofold mode,” I mean this: When
we were upon earth, we saw either animals or trees, and beheld the
differences among them, and also the very great diversity among men; but
although we saw these things, we did not understand the reason of them;
and this only was suggested to us from the visible diversity, that we
should examine and inquire upon what principle these things were either
created or diversely arranged. And a zeal or desire for knowledge of
this kind being conceived by us on earth, the full understanding and
comprehension of it will be granted after death, if indeed the result
should follow according to our expectations. When, therefore, we shall
have fully comprehended its nature, we shall understand in a twofold
manner what we saw on earth. Some such view, then, must we hold
regarding this abode in the air. I think, therefore, that all the saints
who depart from this life will remain in some place situated on the
earth, which holy Scripture calls paradise, as in some place of
instruction, and, so to speak, class-room or school of souls, in which
they are to be instructed regarding all the things which they had seen
on earth, and are to receive also some information respecting things
that are to follow in the future, as even when in this life they had
obtained in some degree indications of future events, although “through
a glass darkly,” all of which are revealed more clearly and distinctly
to the saints in their proper time and place. If any one indeed be pure
in heart, and holy in mind, and more practised in perception, he will,
by making more rapid progress, quickly ascend to a place in the air, and
reach the kingdom of heaven, through those mansions, so to speak, in the
various places which the Greeks have termed spheres, _i.e._ globes, but
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