Apologetics -- History -- Early church, ca. 30-600; Celsus (Platonic philosopher), active 180; Theology -- History -- Early Church, ca. 30-600
Now, in order to grant that there did exist a healing spirit named
Æsculapius, who used to cure the bodies of men, I would say to those who
are astonished at such an occurrence, or at the prophetic knowledge of
Apollo, that since the cure of bodies is a thing indifferent,[314] and a
matter within the reach not merely of the good,[315] but also of the
bad; and as the foreknowledge of the future is also a thing
indifferent—for the possessor of foreknowledge does not necessarily
manifest the possession of virtue—you must show that they who practise
healing or who foretell the future are in no respect wicked, but exhibit
a perfect pattern of virtue, and are not far from being regarded as
gods. But they will _not_ be able to show that they are virtuous who
practise the art of healing, or who are gifted with foreknowledge,
seeing many who are not fit to live are related to have been healed; and
these, too, persons whom, as leading improper lives, no wise physician
would wish to heal. And in the responses of the Pythian oracle also you
may find some injunctions which are not in accordance with reason, two
of which we will adduce on the present occasion; viz. when it gave
commandment that Cleomedes[316]—the boxer, I suppose—should be honoured
with divine honours, seeing some great importance or other attaching to
his pugilistic skill, but did not confer either upon Pythagoras or upon
Socrates the honours which it awarded to pugilism; and also when it
called Archilochus “the servant of the Muses”—a man who employed his
poetic powers upon topics of the most wicked and licentious nature, and
whose public character was dissolute and impure—and entitled him
“pious,”[317] in respect of his being the servant of the Muses, who are
deemed to be goddesses! Now I am inclined to think that no one would
assert that he was a “pious” man who was not adorned with all moderation
and virtue, or that a decorous[318] man would utter such expressions as
are contained in the unseemly[319] iambics of Archilochus. And if
nothing that is divine in itself is shown to belong either to the
healing skill of Æsculapius or the prophetic power of Apollo, how could
any one, even were I to grant that the facts are as alleged, reasonably
worship them as pure divinities?—and especially when the prophetic
spirit of Apollo, pure from any body of earth, secretly enters through
the private parts the person of her who is called the priestess, as she
is seated at the mouth of the Pythian cave![320] Whereas regarding Jesus
and His power we have no such notion; for the body which was born of the
Virgin was composed of human material, and capable of receiving human
wounds and death.
Footnote 314:
μέσον.
Footnote 315:
ἀστείους.
Footnote 316:
Cf. Smith’s _Dict. of Biograph._ _s.v._
Footnote 317:
εὐσεβῆ.
Footnote 318:
κόσμιος.
Footnote 319:
οἱ μὴ σεμνοὶ.
Footnote 320:
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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