Apologetics -- History -- Early church, ca. 30-600; Celsus (Platonic philosopher), active 180; Theology -- History -- Early Church, ca. 30-600
In the next place, speaking as in the person of a teacher of our
doctrine, he expresses himself as follows: “Wise men reject what we say,
being led into error, and ensnared by their wisdom.” In reply to which
we say that, since wisdom is the knowledge of divine and human things
and of their causes, or, as it is defined by the word of God, “the
breath of the power of God, and a pure influence flowing from the glory
of the Almighty, and the brightness of the everlasting light, and the
unspotted mirror of the power of God, and the image of His
goodness,”[453] no one who was really wise would reject what is said by
a Christian acquainted with the principles of Christianity, or would be
led into error, or ensnared by it. For true wisdom does not mislead, but
ignorance does, while of existing things knowledge alone is permanent,
and the truth which is derived from wisdom. But if, contrary to the
definition of wisdom, you call any one whatever who dogmatizes with
sophistical opinions wise, we answer that in conformity with what _you_
call wisdom, such an one rejects the words of God, being misled and
ensnared by plausible sophisms. And since, according to our doctrine,
wisdom is not the knowledge of evil, but the knowledge of evil, so to
speak, is in those who hold false opinions and who are deceived by them,
I would therefore in such persons term it ignorance rather than wisdom.
Footnote 453:
Cf. Wisd. of Solom. vii. 25, 26.
Chapter LXXIII.
After this he again slanders the ambassador of Christianity, and gives
out regarding him that he relates “ridiculous things,” although he does
not show or clearly point out what are the things which he calls
“ridiculous.” And in his slanders he says that “no wise man believes the
gospel, being driven away by the multitudes who adhere to it.” And in
this he acts like one who should say that owing to the multitude of
those ignorant persons who are brought into subjection to the laws, no
wise man would yield obedience to Solon, for example, or to Lycurgus, or
Zaleucus, or any other legislator, and especially if by wise man he
means one who is wise [by living] in conformity with virtue. For, as
with regard to these ignorant persons, the legislators, according to
their ideas of utility, caused them to be surrounded with appropriate
guidance and laws, so God, legislating through Jesus Christ for men in
all parts of the world, brings to Himself even those who are not wise in
the way in which it is possible for such persons to be brought to a
better life. And God, well knowing this, as we have already shown in the
preceding pages, says in the books of Moses: “They have moved me to
jealousy with that which is not God; they have provoked me to anger with
their idols: and I will move them to jealousy with those which are not a
people; I will provoke them to anger with a foolish nation.”[454] And
Paul also, knowing this, said, “But God hath chosen the foolish things
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