Apologetics -- History -- Early church, ca. 30-600; Celsus (Platonic philosopher), active 180; Theology -- History -- Early Church, ca. 30-600
First objection of Celsus is, that Christians enter into secret
associations, some of which are illegal,—his object being to discredit
the “love-feasts” of the Christians: Answer of Origen—chap. i. Second
objection of Celsus, that Judaism, on which Christianity depends, had a
barbarous origin: Answer—chap. ii. Celsus objects that Christians
practise their doctrines in secret to avoid the penalty of death:
Answer—chap. iii. Morality of Christianity neither venerable nor new:
Answer—chap. iv. Celsus approves of the views of Christians respecting
idolatry, but asserts that these views are prior to Christianity:
Answer—chap. v. Asserts that the miracles of Christianity were performed
by means of the invocation of demons: Answer—chap. vi. That Christianity
is a secret system of belief: Answer—chap. vii. Maintains that a man
should die for his belief; inconsistency of this with his profession as
an Epicurean—chap. viii. Maintains that reason ought to be the guide of
men in adopting opinions, and charges Christians with inculcating a
blind belief: Answer—chaps. ix.-xi. Boast of Celsus, that he is
acquainted with all the opinions of the Christians, shown to be
unfounded—chap. xii. Misrepresentation by Celsus of the statement in 1
Cor. iii. 18, 19: Correction and explanation—chap. xiii. Inconsistency
of Celsus in accepting the accounts of Greeks and barbarians as to their
antiquity, while rejecting the histories of the Jews—chaps. xiv.-xvi.
Celsus objects to giving an allegorical signification to the Jewish
history; inconsistency of this—chap. xvii. Challenges a comparison
between the writings of Linus, Musæus, etc., and the laws of Moses:
Answer—chap. xviii. Celsus holds that the world was uncreated, and yet
is led to admit that it is comparatively modern—chaps. xix., xx. Celsus
asserts that Moses borrowed his doctrines from wise nations and eloquent
men, and thus obtained the reputation of divinity: Answer—chap. xxi.
Circumcision, according to Celsus, first practised by the Egyptians:
Answer—chap. xxii. The followers of Moses, shepherds and herdsmen, were
led to believe in the unity of God through delusion and vulgar conceit:
Answer—chap. xxiii. Various names given to the one God by the followers
of Moses, all evincing their ignorance of His nature: Discussion
regarding the significance of the divine names in various
languages—chaps. xxiv., xxv. Celsus charges the Jews with worshipping
angels and practising sorcery: Answer—chaps. xxvi., xxvii. Inconsistency
of Celsus in introducing a Jew, as an opponent of Jesus, who does not
maintain the character of a Jew throughout the discussion: This Jew
represented as accusing Jesus of having “invented his birth from a
virgin,” and upbraiding Him with “being born in a certain Jewish village
of a poor woman of the country who gained her subsistence by spinning,
and who was turned out of doors by her husband, a carpenter by trade,
because she was convicted of adultery; and after being driven away by
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