Apologetics -- History -- Early church, ca. 30-600; Celsus (Platonic philosopher), active 180; Theology -- History -- Early Church, ca. 30-600
Exceedingly weak is his assertion, that “the disciples of Jesus wrote
such accounts regarding him, by way of extenuating the charges that told
against him: as if,” he says, “any one were to say that a certain person
was a just man, and yet were to show that he was guilty of injustice; or
that he was pious, and yet had committed murder; or that he was
immortal, and yet was dead; subjoining to all these statements the
remark that he had foretold all these things.” Now his illustrations are
at once seen to be inappropriate; for there is no absurdity in Him who
had resolved that He would become a living pattern to men, as to the
manner in which they were to regulate their lives, showing also how they
ought to die for the sake of their religion, apart altogether from the
fact that His death on behalf of men was a benefit to the whole world,
as we proved in the preceding book. He imagines, moreover, that the
whole of the confession of the Saviour’s sufferings confirms his
objection instead of weakening it. For he is not acquainted either with
the philosophical remarks of Paul,[84] or the statements of the
prophets, on this subject. And it escaped him that certain heretics have
declared that Jesus underwent His sufferings in appearance, not in
reality. For had he known, he would not have said: “For ye do not even
allege this, that he seemed to wicked men to suffer this punishment,
though not undergoing it in reality; but, on the contrary, ye
acknowledge that he openly suffered.” But we do not view His sufferings
as having been merely in appearance, in order that His resurrection also
may not be a false, but a real event. For he who really died, actually
arose, if he did arise; whereas he who appeared only to have died, did
not in reality arise. But since the resurrection of Jesus Christ is a
subject of mockery to unbelievers, we shall quote the words of
Plato,[85] that Herus the son of Armenius rose from the funeral pile
twelve days after he had been laid upon it, and gave an account of what
he had seen in Hades; and as we are replying to unbelievers, it will not
be altogether useless to refer in this place to what Heraclides[86]
relates respecting the woman who was deprived of life. And many persons
are recorded to have risen from their tombs, not only on the day of
their burial, but also on the day following. What wonder is it, then, if
in the case of one who performed many marvellous things, both beyond the
power of man and with such fulness of evidence, that he who could not
deny their performance, endeavoured to calumniate them by comparing them
to acts of sorcery, should have manifested also in His death some
greater display of divine power, so that His soul, if it pleased, might
leave its body, and having performed certain offices out of it, might
return again at pleasure? And such a declaration is Jesus said to have
made in the Gospel of John, when He said: “No man taketh my life from
me, but I lay it down of myself.
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