When it was said above, that all matters depending before Parliament were discontinued by the determination of the session, it was not meant for judiciary cases, depending before the House of Lords, such as impeachments, appeals, and writs of error. These stand continued of course to the next session.--_Raym._ 120, 381; _Ruffh. Jac. L. D. Parliament_. $Impeachments stand in like manner continued before the Senate of the United States.$ SECTION LII. TREATIES. $The President of the United States has power, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, to make treaties, provided two-thirds of the Senators present concur.--_Const. U. S._ Art. II. Sec. 2. Resolved, That all confidential communications, made by the President of the United States to the Senate, shall be, by the members thereof, kept inviolably secret; and that all treaties, which may hereafter be laid before the Senate, shall also be kept secret, until the Senate shall, by their resolution, take off the injunction of secrecy.--_Dec. 22d, 1804._$ Treaties are legislative acts. A treaty is a law of the land. It differs from other laws only as it must have the consent of a foreign nation, being but a contract with respect to that nation. In all countries, I believe, except England, treaties are made by the legislative power; and there, also, if they touch the laws of the land, they must be approved by Parliament. Ware _vs._ Hilton.--3 _Dallas's Rep._ 199. It is acknowledged, for instance, that the King of Great Britain cannot, by a treaty, make a citizen of an alien.--_Vattel_, _b._ 1, _c._ 19, _sec._ 214. An act of Parliament was necessary to validate the American treaty of 1783. And abundant examples of such acts can be cited. In the case of the treaty of Utrecht, in 1712, the commercial articles required the concurrence of Parliament. But a bill brought in for that purpose was rejected. France, the other contracting party, suffered these articles, in practice, to be not insisted on, and adhered to the rest of the treaty.--4 _Russell's Hist. Mod. Europe_, 457; 2 _Smollet_, 242, 246.