The Writings of Thomas Paine — Volume 4 (1794-1796): The Age of ReasonPaine, Thomas
Religion
The Writings of Thomas Paine — Volume 4 (1794-1796): The Age of Reason
Paine, Thomas
Philosophy and religion; Political science; Rationalism
In the same sense that every thing may be said to be a mystery, so also
may it be said that every thing is a miracle, and that no one thing is
a greater miracle than another. The elephant, though larger, is not a
greater miracle than a mite: nor a mountain a greater miracle than an
atom. To an almighty power it is no more difficult to make the one than
the other, and no more difficult to make a million of worlds than to
make one. Every thing, therefore, is a miracle, in one sense; whilst,
in the other sense, there is no such thing as a miracle. It is a
miracle when compared to our power, and to our comprehension. It is not
a miracle compared to the power that performs it. But as nothing in
this description conveys the idea that is affixed to the word miracle,
it is necessary to carry the inquiry further.
Mankind have conceived to themselves certain laws, by which what they
call nature is supposed to act; and that a miracle is something
contrary to the operation and effect of those laws. But unless we know
the whole extent of those laws, and of what are commonly called the
powers of nature, we are not able to judge whether any thing that may
appear to us wonderful or miraculous, be within, or be beyond, or be
contrary to, her natural power of acting.
The ascension of a man several miles high into the air, would have
everything in it that constitutes the idea of a miracle, if it were not
known that a species of air can be generated several times lighter than
the common atmospheric air, and yet possess elasticity enough to
prevent the balloon, in which that light air is inclosed, from being
compressed into as many times less bulk, by the common air that
surrounds it. In like manner, extracting flashes or sparks of fire from
the human body, as visibly as from a steel struck with a flint, and
causing iron or steel to move without any visible agent, would also
give the idea of a miracle, if we were not acquainted with electricity
and magnetism; so also would many other experiments in natural
philosophy, to those who are not acquainted with the subject. The
restoring persons to life who are to appearance dead as is practised
upon drowned persons, would also be a miracle, if it were not known
that animation is capable of being suspended without being extinct.
Besides these, there are performances by slight of hand, and by persons
acting in concert, that have a miraculous appearance, which, when
known, are thought nothing of. And, besides these, there are mechanical
and optical deceptions. There is now an exhibition in Paris of ghosts
or spectres, which, though it is not imposed upon the spectators as a
fact, has an astonishing appearance. As, therefore, we know not the
extent to which either nature or art can go, there is no criterion to
determine what a miracle is; and mankind, in giving credit to
appearances, under the idea of their being miracles, are subject to be
continually imposed upon.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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