The Zincali: An Account of the Gypsies of SpainBorrow, George
History
The Zincali: An Account of the Gypsies of Spain
Borrow, George
Romanies -- Languages; Romanies -- Spain
We shall offer no further observations respecting the affinity of the
Spanish Gitáno to the other dialects, as we conceive we have already
afforded sufficient proof of its original identity with them, and
consequently shaken to the ground the absurd opinion that the Gitános of
Spain are the descendants of the Arabs and Moriscos. We shall now
conclude with a few remarks on the present state of the Gitáno language
in Spain, where, perhaps, within the course of a few years, it will have
perished, without leaving a vestige of its having once existed; and
where, perhaps, the singular people who speak it are likewise doomed to
disappear, becoming sooner or later engulfed and absorbed in the great
body of the nation, amongst whom they have so long existed a separate and
peculiar class.
Though the words or a part of the words of the original tongue still
remain, preserved by memory amongst the Gitános, its grammatical
peculiarities have disappeared, the entire language having been modified
and subjected to the rules of Spanish grammar, with which it now
coincides in syntax, in the conjugation of verbs, and in the declension
of its nouns. Were it possible or necessary to collect all the relics of
this speech, they would probably amount to four or five thousand words;
but to effect such an achievement, it would be necessary to hold close
and long intercourse with almost every Gitáno in Spain, and to extract,
by various means, the peculiar information which he might be capable of
affording; for it is necessary to state here, that though such an amount
of words may still exist amongst the Gitános in general, no single
individual of their sect is in possession of one-third part thereof, nor
indeed, we may add, those of any single city or province of Spain;
nevertheless all are in possession, more or less, of the language, so
that, though of different provinces, they are enabled to understand each
other tolerably well, when discoursing in this their characteristic
speech. Those who travel most are of course best versed in it, as,
independent of the words of their own village or town, they acquire
others by intermingling with their race in various places. Perhaps there
is no part of Spain where it is spoken better than in Madrid, which is
easily accounted for by the fact, that Madrid, as the capital, has always
been the point of union of the Gitános, from all those provinces of Spain
where they are to be found. It is least of all preserved in Seville,
notwithstanding that its Gitáno population is very considerable,
consisting, however, almost entirely of natives of the place. As may
well be supposed, it is in all places best preserved amongst the old
people, their children being comparatively ignorant of it, as perhaps
they themselves are in comparison with their own parents. We are
persuaded that the Gitáno language of Spain is nearly at its last stage
of existence, which persuasion has been our main instigator to the
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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