My thanks are due to many gentlemen who have kindly favoured me with histories, guide-books, photographs, and general information about the Zoological Gardens of Europe. And especially do I owe a debt of gratitude to Dr. P. L. Sclater, the learned Secretary of our own Zoological Society in London; to Herr Carl Hagenbeck of Hamburg, Dr. C. Kerbert of Amsterdam, Dr. H. Bolau of Hamburg, Dr. Seitz of Frankfort-on-Main, Mr. E. W. B. Villiers of Clifton, Professor D. Cunningham of Dublin, Herr Schöff of Dresden, Herr Meissner of Berlin, Dr. Hagman of Basle, Dr. Wünderlich of Cologne, and to Messrs. J. Jennison and Co. of Manchester. The photographs of Berlin are published by kind permission of the Berlin Zoological Society. In some few cases it has been found impossible to give historical details, through my appeals to the Directors eliciting no reply. The sketch of the London Gardens is a concise summary, with additions, of the history written by Dr. P. L. Sclater, that of Dublin is taken from a pamphlet written by Professor D. Cunningham, whilst the history of the Manchester Gardens is based on materials furnished by Messrs. J. Jennison and Co. In conclusion, my best thanks are due to my sister, Mrs. Harry Duff, whose knowledge of foreign languages has enabled her to give me much valuable help in the translation of letters, guide-books, and catalogues of animals. Indeed, without her kind assistance I could scarcely have attempted this work. C. V. A. PEEL. OXFORD, _October, 1902_. CONTENTS ZOOLOGICAL GARDENS IN FRANCE. CHAPTER PAGE I. JARDIN DES PLANTES, PARIS 1 II. JARDIN D’ACCLIMATATION, PARIS 8 III. JARDIN ZOOLOGIQUE, MARSEILLES 26 IV. JARDIN ZOOLOGIQUE, NICE-CIMIEZ 32 ZOOLOGICAL GARDENS IN HOLLAND. V. KONINKLIJK ZOOLOGISCH GENOOTSCHAP, AMSTERDAM 36 VI. THE GARDENS OF THE ROYAL ZOOLOGICAL AND BOTANICAL SOCIETY, THE HAGUE 45 VII. ROTTERDAMSCHE DIERGAARDE, ROTTERDAM 48 ZOOLOGICAL GARDEN IN DENMARK. VIII. ZOOLOGISK HAVE, COPENHAGEN 55 ZOOLOGICAL GARDENS IN BELGIUM. IX. THE GARDENS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF ZOOLOGY, ANTWERP 58 X. JARDIN ZOOLOGIQUE, GHENT 63 XI. JARDIN ZOOLOGIQUE, LIÈGE 66 ZOOLOGICAL GARDENS IN GERMANY. XII. ZOOLOGISCHER GARTEN, AIX-LA-CHAPELLE 67 XIII. ZOOLOGISCHER GARTEN, COLOGNE 68 XIV. ZOOLOGISCHER GARTEN, ELBERFELD 80 XV. ZOOLOGISCHER GARTEN, DÜSSELDORF 82 XVI. THE WESTPHALIAN ZOOLOGICAL GARDEN, MÜNSTER 86 XVII. ZOOLOGISCHER GARTEN, HANOVER 90