OSTRICH HOUSE, BERLIN 111 DEER SHED, BERLIN 113 KANGAROO, HALLE 118 WAPITI BULL, DRESDEN 126 OUTSIDE THE LION HOUSE, DRESDEN 128 FOUR-HORNED GOAT, DRESDEN 129 MONKEY HOUSE, BRESLAU 133 DUCK-POND, BRESLAU 137 OSTRICH SHED, KÖNIGSBERG 143 PELICANS, STUTTGART 147 BRINDLED GNU, STUTTGART 149 TOWER AND LAKE, FRANKFORT-ON-MAIN 153 CAMEL AND LLAMA PENS, FRANKFORT-ON-MAIN 157 AMERICAN BISON, ST. PETERSBURG 162 MOOSE YARD, MOSCOW 165 TOWER, MOSCOW 167 AVIARY, BASLE 176 CARIBOU, BASLE 177 HIPPOPOTAMI, LONDON 183 LION, LONDON 185 GRÉVY’S ZEBRA, LONDON 189 SABLE ANTELOPE, LONDON 193 STRIPED HYÆNA, LONDON 194 GARDEN AND LAKE, CLIFTON 199 THE BEAR PITS, MANCHESTER 203 CHIMPANZEE, CONSUL I., MANCHESTER 207 PHŒNIX PARK, DUBLIN 215 THE LAKE, DUBLIN 225 LION CUBS FROM SOMALILAND, DUBLIN 230 CARL HAGENBECK 233 THE ZOOLOGICAL GARDENS OF EUROPE CHAPTER I JARDIN DES PLANTES, PARIS: DIRECTOR, PROFESSOR MILNE EDWARDS This Garden, the father of Zoological Gardens, is the oldest of the Zoological Gardens of Europe. Many of the greatest naturalists have been connected with the Jardin des Plantes, and have studied within its gates. The botanical portion is more than one hundred years older than the zoological. It was founded in 1626 by Louis XIII., who bought a plot of uncultivated ground in Saint-Victor, twenty-four acres in extent, and laid out a flower-garden and built a little greenhouse upon it. Fagon, the King’s doctor, Gaston of Orleans, Colbert, and Tournefort all helped it along, and caused the Garden to grow in extent and popularity.