Circumference of middle of shaft 8 Length of tibia 18 Greatest diameter of proximal end 5 7 Greatest diameter of distal end, including fibula 4 4 Circumference of middle of shaft 9 Length of metatarsal bone[28] 7 4 ERRATA.—The reader is requested to substitute the word ‘_right_’ for ‘left’ in the last line of p. 35, before the words ‘radius,’ ‘fore-foot,’ and ‘femur,’ and in the first line of p. 36, before the words ‘tibia,’ and ‘hind-foot.’ DESCRIPTION OF A FRAGMENT OF A CRANIUM OF AN EXTINCT MAMMAL, INDICATIVE OF A NEW GENUS OF EDENTATA, AND FOR WHICH IS PROPOSED THE NAME OF GLOSSOTHERIUM. “La première chose à faire dans l’étude d’un animal fossile, est de reconnaitre la forme de ses dents molaires; on détermine par-là s’il est carnivore ou herbivore;” says Cuvier, at the commencement of that series of splendid chapters in which the restoration of the extinct Pachyderms of the Paris Basin is recorded. In the present case, however, as in that of the Mammiferous animal whose fossil remains we were last considering, the important organs, to which Cuvier directs our first attention, are wanting. Nor are there here, as in the Macrauchenia, any remains of the locomotive extremities to compensate for the deficiency of teeth, and guide us into the right track of investigation and comparison. The animal, the nature and affinities of which are the subject of the following pages, is, in fact, represented in Mr. Darwin’s collection, by nothing more than a fragment of the cranium.