Theism or Atheism: The Great AlternativeCohen, Chapman
Religion
Theism or Atheism: The Great Alternative
Cohen, Chapman
Atheism; Theism
Leaving for a moment the question of religious geniuses being the
aristocrats of human emotion, we may take the same writer's view of the
limitations of science, thus providing an opening for the intrusion of
religion. This is given in the form of a criticism of the following
well-known passage from Huxley:--
If the fundamental proposition of evolution is true, namely, that
the entire world, animate and inanimate, is the result of the
mutual interaction, according to definite laws, of forces possessed
by the molecules which made up the primitive nebulosity of the
universe; then it is no less certain that the present actual world
reposed potentially in the cosmic vapour, and that an intelligence,
if great enough, could from his knowledge of the properties of the
molecules of that vapour have predicted the state of the fauna in
Great Britain in 1888 with as much certitude as we say what will
happen to the vapour of our breath on a cold day in winter.
Now, if the principle of evolution be accepted, the truth of Huxley's
statement appears to be self-evident. It may be that no intelligence
capable of making such a calculation will ever exist, but the abstract
possibility remains. Professor Thomson calls it "a very strong and
confident statement," which illustrates the need for philosophical
criticism. His criticism of Huxley's statement is based on two grounds.
These are: (1) "No complete physico-chemical description has ever been
given of any distinctively vital activity; and (2) the physical
description of things cannot cover biological phenomena, nor can the
biological description cover mental and moral phenomena." There is, he
says,
The physical order of nature--the inorganic world--where mechanism
reigns supreme. (2) There is the vital order of nature--the world
of organisms--where mechanism proves insufficient. (3) There is the
physical order of nature--the world of mind--where mechanism is
irrelevant. Thus there are three fundamental sciences--Physics,
Biology, and Psychology--each with characteristic questions,
categories and formulae.
Now, however earnestly Huxley's statement calls for criticism, it is
clear to us that nothing useful in that direction is offered by Prof.
Thomson. It is quite plain that the abstract possibility of such a
calculation as that named by Huxley can never be ruled out by science,
since such a conception lies at the root of all scientific thinking.
After all, want of knowledge only proves--want of knowledge; and Sir
Oliver Lodge would warn Prof. Thomson of the extreme danger of resting
an argument on the ignorance of science at any particular time.[4]
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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