Produced by The James J. Kelly Library of St. Gregory's University, Alev Akman, and Dianne Bean THEODORE ROOSEVELT AND HIS TIMES, A CHRONICLE OF THE PROGRESSIVE MOVEMENT By Harold Howland CONTENTS I. THE YOUNG FIGHTER II. IN THE NEW YORK ASSEMBLY III. THE CHAMPION OF CIVIL SERVICE REFORM IV. HAROUN AL ROOSEVELT V. FIGHTING AND BREAKFASTING WITH PLATT VI. ROOSEVELT BECOMES PRESIDENT VII. THE SQUARE DEAL FOR BUSINESS VIII. THE SQUARE DEAL FOR LABOR IX. RECLAMATION AND CONSERVATION X. BEING WISE IN TIME XI. RIGHTS, DUTIES, AND REVOLUTIONS XII. THE TAFT ADMINISTRATION XIII. THE PROGRESSIVE PARTY XIV. THE GLORIOUS FAILURE XV. THE FIGHTING EDGE XVI. THE LAST FOUR YEARS BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTE THEODORE ROOSEVELT AND HIS TIMES CHAPTER I. THE YOUNG FIGHTER There is a line of Browning's that should stand as epitaph for Theodore Roosevelt: "I WAS EVER A FIGHTER." That was the essence of the man, that the keynote of his career. He met everything in life with a challenge. If it was righteous, he fought for it; if it was evil, he hurled the full weight of his finality against it. He never capitulated, never sidestepped, never fought foul. He carried the fight to the enemy. His first fight was for health and bodily vigor. It began at the age of nine. Physically he was a weakling, his thin and ill-developed body racked with asthma. But it was only the physical power that was wanting, never the intellectual or the spiritual. He owed to his father, the first Theodore, the wise counsel that launched him on his determined contest against ill health. On the third floor of the house on East Twentieth Street in New York where he was born, October 27, 1858, his father had constructed an outdoor gymnasium, fitted with all the usual paraphernalia. It was an impressive moment, Roosevelt used to say in later years, when his father first led him into that gymnasium and said to him, "Theodore, you have the brains, but brains are of comparatively little use without the body; you have got to make your body, and it lies with you to make it. It's dull, hard work, but you can do it." The boy knew that his father was right; and he set those white, powerful teeth of his and took up the drudgery of daily, monotonous exercise with bars and rings and weights. "I can see him now," says his sister, "faithfully going through various exercises, at different times of the day, to broaden the chest narrowed by this terrible shortness of breath, to make the limbs and back strong, and able to bear the weight of what was coming to him later in life."