Theologico-Political Treatise — Part 1Spinoza, Benedictus de
PhilosophyPhilosophy
Theologico-Political Treatise — Part 1
Spinoza, Benedictus de
Free thought -- Early works to 1800; Philosophy and religion -- Early works to 1800; Political science -- Early works to 1800
(64) (9.) The quarters of the world (from the winds which blow thence), or
even the side of anything turned towards a particular quarter -
Ezek. xxxvii:9; xlii:16, 17, 18, 19, &c.
(65) I have already alluded to the way in which things are referred to God,
and said to be of God.
(66) (1.) As belonging to His nature, and being, as it were, part of Him;
e.g. the power of God, the eyes of God.
(67) (2.) As under His dominion, and depending on His pleasure; thus the
heavens are called the heavens of the Lord, as being His chariot
and habitation. So Nebuchadnezzar is called the servant of God,
Assyria the scourge of God, &c.
(68) (3.) As dedicated to Him, e.g. the Temple of God, a Nazarene of God,
the Bread of God.
(69) (4.) As revealed through the prophets and not through our natural
faculties. In this sense the Mosaic law is called the law of God.
(70) (5.) As being in the superlative degree. Very high mountains are styled
the mountains of God, a very deep sleep, the sleep of God, &c. In
this sense we must explain Amos iv:11: "I have overthrown you as
the overthrow of the Lord came upon Sodom and Gomorrah," i.e. that
memorable overthrow, for since God Himself is the Speaker, the
passage cannot well be taken otherwise. The wisdom of Solomon is
called the wisdom of God, or extraordinary. The size of the cedars
of Lebanon is alluded to in the Psalmist's expression, "the cedars
of the Lord."
(71) Similarly, if the Jews were at a loss to understand any phenomenon, or
were ignorant of its cause, they referred it to God. (72) Thus a storm was
termed the chiding of God, thunder and lightning the arrows of God, for it
was thought that God kept the winds confined in caves, His treasuries; thus
differing merely in name from the Greek wind-god Eolus. (73) In like manner
miracles were called works of God, as being especially marvellous; though in
reality, of course, all natural events are the works of God, and take place
solely by His power. (74) The Psalmist calls the miracles in Egypt the works
of God, because the Hebrews found in them a way of safety which they had not
looked for, and therefore especially marvelled at.
(75) As, then, unusual natural phenomena are called works of God, and trees
of unusual size are called trees of God, we cannot wonder that very strong
and tall men, though impious robbers and whoremongers, are in Genesis called
sons of God.
(76) This reference of things wonderful to God was not peculiar to the Jews.
(77) Pharaoh, on hearing the interpretation of his dream, exclaimed that the
mind of the gods was in Joseph. (78) Nebuchadnezzar told Daniel that he
possessed the mind of the holy gods; so also in Latin anything well made is
often said to be wrought with Divine hands, which is equivalent to the
Hebrew phrase, wrought with the hand of God.
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