Theory & History of HistoriographyCroce, Benedetto
Philosophy
Theory & History of Historiography
Croce, Benedetto
Historiography
And this is what the spirit in its development accomplishes, because
there is no fact that is not known at the moment of its being done, by
means of the consciousness that germinates perpetually upon action;
and there is no fact that is not forgotten sooner or later, but may
be recalled, as we remarked when speaking of dead history revived at
the touch of life, of the past that by means of the contemporaneous
becomes again contemporaneous. Tolstoi got this thought fixed in his
mind: not only is no one, not even a Napoleon, able to predetermine
with exactitude the happenings of a battle, but no one can know how
it really did happen, because on the very evening of its ending an
artificial, legendary history appears, which only a credulous spirit
could mistake for real history; yet it is upon this that professional
historians work, integrating or tempering imagination with imagination.
But the battle is known as it gradually develops, and then as the
turmoil that it causes is dissipated, so too is dissipated the turmoil
of that consciousness, and the only thing of importance is the
actuality of the new situation and the 'new disposition of soul that
has been produced, expressed in poetical legends or availing itself
of artificial fictions. And each one of us at every moment knows and
forgets the majority of his thoughts and acts (what a misfortune
it would be if he did not do so, for his life would be a tiresome
computation of his smallest movements!); but he does not forget, and
preserves for a greater or less time, those thoughts and sentiments
which represent memorable crises and problems relating to his future.
Sometimes we assist with astonishment at the awakening in us of
sentiments and thoughts that we had believed to be irrevocable. Thus
it must be said that we know at every moment all the history that we
need to know; and since what remains over does not matter to us, we do
not possess the means of knowing it, or we shall possess it when the
need arises. That 'remaining' history is the eternal phantom of the
'thing in itself,' which is neither 'thing' nor 'in itself,' but only
the imaginative projection of the infinity of our action and of our
knowledge.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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