Theory & History of HistoriographyCroce, Benedetto
Philosophy
Theory & History of Historiography
Croce, Benedetto
Historiography
But setting aside these scientific monstrosities, already condemned
by the constant attitude of restraint and scepsis toward them on the
part of all scientifically trained minds--condemned, too, by the
very fact that they have had to seek and have found their fortune
at the hands of the crowd or 'great public,' and have fallen to the
rank of popular propaganda--we must here determine more precisely
how these classificatory schemes of historiographical appearance are
formed and how they operate. With this object, it is well to observe
that classificatory schemes and apparent histories do not appear to
be confined to the field of what are called the natural sciences or
sub-human world, but appear also in that of the moral sciences or
sciences of the human world. And to adduce simple and perspicuous
examples, it often happens that in the abstract analysis of language
and the positing of the types of the parts of speech, noun, verb,
adjective, pronoun, and so on, or in the analysis of the word into
syllables and sounds, or of style into proper or metaphorical words
and into various classes of metaphors, we construct classes that go
from the more simple to the more complex. This gives rise to the
illusion of history of language, exposed as the successive acquisition
of the various parts of speech or as the passage from the single
sound to the syllable (monosyllabic languages), from the syllable to
the aggregate of syllables (plurisyllabic languages), from words to
propositions, metres, rhymes, and so on. These are imaginary histories
that have never been developed elsewhere than in the studies of
scientists. In like manner, literary styles that have been abstractly
distinguished and arranged in series of increasing complexity (for
example, lyric, epic, drama) have given rise and continue to give
rise to the thought of a schematic arrangement of poetry, which, for
example, should appear during a first period as lyric, a second as
epic, a third as drama.
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