Theory & History of HistoriographyCroce, Benedetto
Philosophy
Theory & History of Historiography
Croce, Benedetto
Historiography
The efficacy of this enlargement of the concept of abstract history,
which is analogical or naturalizing in respect to the field known
as 'spiritual' (and thus separated from that empirically known as
'natural'), cannot be doubted by one who knows and remembers the great
consequences that philosophy draws from the resolution of the realistic
concept of 'nature' in the idealistic conception of 'construction,'
which the human spirit makes of reality, looking upon it as nature.
Kant worked upon the solution of this problem indefatigably and with
subtlety; he gave to it the direction that it has followed down to
our own days. And the consequence that we draw from it, in respect
to the problem that now occupies us, is that an error was committed
when, moved by the legitimate desire of distinguishing abstract from
concrete history, naturalizing history from thinking history, genuine
from fictitious history, a sort of agnosticism was reached, as a final
result, by means of limiting history to the field of humanity, which
was said to be cognoscible, and declaring all the rest to be the object
of metastoria and the limit of human knowledge. This conclusion would
lead again to a sort of dualism, though in a lofty sphere. But if
metastoria also appears, as we have seen, in the human field, it is
clear that the distinction as formulated stands in need of correction;
and the agnosticism founded upon it vacillates and falls. There is not
a double object before thought, man and nature, the one capable of
treatment in one way, the other in another way, the first cognizable,
and the second uncognizable and capable only of being constructed
abstractly; but thought always thinks history, the history of reality
that is one, and beyond thought there is nothing, for the natural
object becomes a myth when it is affirmed as object, and shows itself
in its true reality as nothing else but the human spirit itself, which
schematized history that has been lived and thought, or the materials
of the history that has already been lived and thought. The saying that
nature has no history is to be understood in the sense that nature as
a rational being capable of thought has not history, because it is
not--or, let us say, it is nothing that is real. The opposite saying,
that nature is also formative and possesses historical life, is to be
taken in the other sense that reality, the sole reality (comprehending
man and nature in itself, which are only empirically and abstractly
separate), is all development and life.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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