In order to see this, it must be considered, that the side of the bason, which has disappeared, must have been either of similar materials to those which we see now remaining, or it must be supposed as composed of loose materials, such as had been more soft, or of those that might be easily dissolved and washed away by the water. If this last had been the state of things, there would not have been occasion for any violent catastrophe, as M. Reboul has supposed; the natural overflowing of the lake had been sufficient to wear the mound by which the water had been detained, and to carry away those materials so as one side might disappear. If, again, this mound had been formed of rock, like what remains of those mountains, in that case, the catastrophe, which this author has suggested as the cause of that destruction, would have been ineffectual to procure that end; for, though such a _débacle_ might have carried away a great mass of loose materials, it could not have moved a mound of solid rock. That of which we have here undoubted information, and that which I am labouring to generalise by comparing similar phenomena, such as are to be found over all the earth, is this, That the natural operations of the atmospheric elements decompose the solid rocks, break down the consolidated strata, waste and wash away those loosened materials of the mountains, and thus excavate the valleys, as the channels by which an indefinite quantity of materials are to be transported to the sea for the construction of future continents. It is this operation of nature which we see performed, more or less, every day, which some natural philosophers have such difficulty in admitting at all, and which others overlook in seeking for some wonderful operation to produce the effect in a shorter time. The prodigious waste that evidently appears, in many places, to have been made of the solid land, and the almost imperceptible effects of the present agents which appear, have given, occasion to those different opinions concerning that which has already happened, or that natural history by which we are to learn the system of this world. The object which I have in view, is to show, first, that the natural operations of the earth, continued in a sufficient space of time, would be adequate to the effects which we observe; and, secondly, that it is necessary, in the system of this world, that these wasting operations of the land should be extremely slow. In that case, those different opinions would be reconciled in one which would explain, at the same time, the apparent permanency of this surface on which we dwell, and the great changes that appear to have been already made.