One hundred and twelve miles of State roads have been surfaced with broken stone and gravel macadam. Practically all of this surfacing is sixteen feet wide; there are, however, a few short stretches of nine-foot width necessitated by the coming on of wet weather before the full sixteen-foot width could be completed. The total quantity of broken stone and gravel placed in these 112 miles of surface was 247,925 cubic yards, an average of 2,210 cubic yards per mile, which quantity of material per mile gives an average loose thickness of eight and one-half inches for macadam sixteen feet wide. The Department's specifications call for a minimum thickness of six inches. In many places, however, particularly on the lower Columbia River work it was found necessary to place as much as eighteen and twenty-four inches of rock before a satisfactory foundation could be secured. The sections upon which broken stone or gravel surfacing was placed are as follows: Clatsop County-- Miles Astoria to Columbia County Line 24.4 Columbia County-- Clatsop County Line to Goble 27.2 Deschutes County-- Bend-Lapine Section (cinder macadam) 12.5 Douglas County-- Divide to Leona 7.0 Gilliam County-- Condon to Thirty Mile Creek 6.7 Hood River County-- Cascade Locks to Hood River 18.0 Jackson County-- Siskiyou Mountain Section 6.5 Lake County-- Lakeview-Paisley Section 4.0 Lane County-- Divide-Cottage Grove Section 1.0 Wheeler County-- Cummins Hill Section 4.5 ----- Total miles of macadam surfacing 111.8 A complete description of each of the above sections will be found in the chapter devoted to the county in which the work was performed. GRADING The grading work of the Highway Department is confined to the building of those sections of State roads which are so located that the counties in which they occur are not directly interested in their construction or which are so expensive that county funds are inadequate for their construction. The total number of miles graded during the last two-year period was 134.5 miles, most of which was on the Pacific and Columbia River highways. While the grading work was greatly curtailed during 1918 on account of war conditions, work was continued in those localities where resident labor was available and where the work interfered in no way with more essential war industries. A complete tabulation of the grading jobs is given elsewhere in this report, and a detailed outline of each is given under the respective county headings. A few of the more important grading jobs are as follows: