This Then is Upland Pastures: Being some out-door essays dealing with the beautiful things that the spring and summer bringKnapp, Adeline
History
This Then is Upland Pastures: Being some out-door essays dealing with the beautiful things that the spring and summer bring
Knapp, Adeline
American essays -- 19th century; Natural history -- Outdoor books
I have picked the clover blossom that the bee just left. Beside it are
growing other blossoms, and I gather a couple. They are the veriest
wayside weeds—dandelion and dog-fennel—but they are important because
they are typical representatives of the largest order in the floral
kingdom; an order which, although it was the last to appear in the
vegetable world, has outstripped every other and leads them all today.
Botanists call it the Composite Order. Its members are really floral
socialists, just as Hercules and the rest of us who believe that
government is an order of nature, and good for the race, are human
socialists, whether we know it or not.
But most of us hold a mistaken idea about the relation of the individual
to the whole. We are apt to theorize that it is the duty of the
individual to keep the whole in order, and a good many of us are fully
convinced that the world owes us a living. So it does, and it behooves
each one of us to be faithful in discharging his individual share of the
aggregate debt ❧ Nature has a whole page about that in her wonderful
volume ❧
Take, for instance, this clover. What we call the blossom is, in
reality, many blossoms ☙ Look at the mass under a glass. You will see
that the clover head is made up of numerous minute cups in a compact
cluster. Each cup is a perfect blossom. As we now see it in the clover
it is a tiny tube, but it once possessed five slender petals which are
now united ☙ The little pointed scollops that rim the cup suggest these
petals. Now, the tiny cup is descended from a five-petaled ancestor,
growing upon its individual stem and depending upon insects for its
fertilization. The flower was small, however, and many of them must have
been overlooked by the insects ❧
But those blossoms that, growing very close together, formed little
clusters, were more conspicuous than the solitary ones, and were
discovered, visited for their honey and incidentally fertilized by the
winged freebooters. These blossoms bore fruit and their descendants
inherited the social instinct prompting them to draw together that each
might give the other its help and co-operation in attracting the
insects. So, by degrees, the co-operative habit became fixed in the
clover, and in many other plants, until the compositæ became a botanical
fact. In other words, the individuals formed a body social of their own,
growing from a compact cluster from a common stem, each giving and
receiving, constantly, its use and share in the common life. The
many-petaled flowers found it inconvenient to arrange themselves in the
composite order, and so, as we see in the clover, the petals have
pressed closely together and united to form a tube-shaped flower, and as
the tubular form is best adapted to receive fertilization by the bee,
which insect is the most useful to the clover blossom, that form has
been perpetuated in this plant.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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