Thought-Culture; Or, Practical Mental TrainingAtkinson, William Walker
Science
Thought-Culture; Or, Practical Mental Training
Atkinson, William Walker
Thought and thinking
Remember, always, that the greater the number of associated and related
ideas that you are able to group around a concept, the richer, fuller
and truer does that concept become to you. The concept is a _general
idea_, and its attributes of "generality" depend upon the associated
facts and ideas related to it. The greater the number of the view points
from which a concept may be examined and considered, the greater is the
degree of knowledge concerning that concept. It is held that everything
in the universe is related to every other thing, so that if we knew
_all_ the associated ideas and facts concerning a thing, we would not
only know that particular thing _absolutely_, but would, besides, know
_everything_ in the universe. The chain of Association is infinite in
extent.
CHAPTER X.
GENERALIZATION
We have seen that Sensation is translated or interpreted into
Perception; and that from the Percepts so created we may "draw off," or
separate, various qualities, attributes and properties by the analytical
process we call Abstraction. Abstraction, we have seen, thus constitutes
the first step in the process of what is called Understanding. The
second step is called Generalization or Conception.
Generalization, or Conception, is that faculty of the mind by which we
are able to combine and group together several particular ideas into one
general idea. Thus when we find a number of particular objects
possessing the same general qualities, attributes or properties, we
proceed to _classify_ them by the process of Generalization. For
instance, in a number of animals possessing certain general and common
qualities we form a concept of a class comprising those particular
animals. Thus in the concept of cow, we include _all cows_--we know
them to be cows because of their possession of certain general class
qualities which we include in our concept of _cow_. The particular cows
may vary greatly in size, color and general appearance, but they possess
the common general qualities which we group together in our general
concept of _cow_. Likewise by reason of certain common and general
qualities we include in our concept of "Man," _all men_, black, white,
brown, red or yellow, of all races and degrees of physical and mental
development. From this generic concept we may make race concepts,
dividing men into Indians, Caucasians, Malays, Negroes, Mongolians, etc.
These concepts in turn may be divided into sub-races. These
sub-divisions result from an analysis of the great concept. The great
concept is built up by synthesis from the individuals, through the
sub-divisions of minor concepts. Or, again, we may form a concept of
"Napoleon Bonaparte" from the various qualities and characteristics
which went to make up that celebrated man.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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