Thought-Culture; Or, Practical Mental TrainingAtkinson, William Walker
Science
Thought-Culture; Or, Practical Mental Training
Atkinson, William Walker
Thought and thinking
The student will see that the process of Classification is two-fold. The
first is by Analysis, in which the Genus is divided into Species by
reason of _differences_. The second is by Synthesis, in which
individuals are grouped into Species, and Species into the Genus, by
reason of _resemblances_. Moreover, in building up general classes,
which is known as Generalization, we must first _analyze_ the individual
in order to ascertain its _qualities, attributes and properties_, and
then _synthesize_ the individual with other individuals possessing like
qualities, properties or attributes.
Brooks says of Generalization: "The mind now takes the materials that
have been furnished and fashioned by comparison and analysis and unites
them into one single mental product, giving us the general notion or
concept. The mind, as it were, brings together these several attributes
into a bunch or package and then ties a mental string around it, as we
would bunch a lot of roses or cigars.... Generalization is an
_ascending_ process. The broader concept is regarded as higher than the
narrower concept; a concept is considered as higher than percept; a
general idea stands above a particular idea. We thus go up from
particulars to generals; from percepts to concepts; from lower concepts
to higher concepts. Beginning down with particular objects, we rise from
them to the general idea of their class. Having formed a number of lower
classes, we compare them as we did individuals and generalize them into
higher classes. We perform the same process with these higher classes
and thus proceed until we are at last arrested in the highest class,
that of Being. Having reached the pinnacle of Generalization, we may
descend the ladder by reversing the process through which we ascend."
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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