Three Accounts of Peterloo by Eyewitnesses: Bishop Stanley, Lord Hylton, John Benjamin Smith; with Bishop Stanley's Evidence at the TrialStanley, Edward
History
Three Accounts of Peterloo by Eyewitnesses: Bishop Stanley, Lord Hylton, John Benjamin Smith; with Bishop Stanley's Evidence at the Trial
Stanley, Edward
Manchester (England) -- History; Peterloo Massacre, Manchester, England, 1819
Perhaps it will never be possible to say exactly how many were left dead
on the field. One, at anyrate, who died at once, or very shortly
afterwards, was (by a strange irony) a Special Constable, and this is
probably the "one man killed" of some of the accounts. It will be
remembered that Lieut. Jolliffe reported "two women not likely to recover;
one man in a dying state; and two or three reputed dead;" in the letter
quoted above, describing his visit to the Infirmary on the Sunday
following the event.
Most of the cases investigated by the Committees belonged to the side of
the Reformers; but it must not be forgotten that the other side claimed to
have serious casualties. Mr. Francis Phillips, _e.g._, enumerates the
casualties to the troops, and an estimate of these is given also in the
Centenary Volume of the Cheshire Yeomanry; we have already seen above,
moreover, that a subscription list was opened for the families of the
Special Constables, and that the appeal met with a generous response. It
is a curious feature of the case that each side seems to be anxious to
make its casualty list as imposing as possible. An interesting summary of
the various estimates is given by MacDonnell in his _State Trials_. This
summary includes the Official Report from the Infirmary, and the list of
casualties to the troops. Without pursuing the matter further, we may say
that a careful examination of the somewhat confusing evidence would seem
to show that the estimate "eleven killed and between 500 and 600 wounded"
will not prove to be far wrong, provided that (1) we understand "killed"
to include those who died as the result of injuries received on the field;
(2) we include in the general total the casualties incurred during the
disturbances some hours later in the neighbourhood of New Cross. At least
one list, published subsequently, brings the total of killed up to
fourteen.
* * * * *
Two points not directly concerned with this discussion are dealt with by
the Relief Committee, and are sufficiently interesting to be recorded: (1)
The Committee paid out £710 "on account of the Trial at York; the
Manchester Committee voting £100 for the same object." (2) The Deputation
sent from London to investigate the cases, mentioned in their Report some
striking details of the conditions of life amongst the operatives. To
quote only two sentences: "in no one instance among the weavers did your
Deputation see a morsel of animal food, and they ascertained that in most
families where there were children the taste of meat was unknown from one
year to another." "Six shillings a week was the average wage of an
able-bodied and industrious weaver. Many could not get this."
2.--PRESENCE OF WOMEN AND CHILDREN AT PETERLOO.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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