Produced by Thierry Alberto, Don Perry and the Online Distributed Proofreaders Europe at http://dp.rastko.net THREE FRENCH MORALISTS AND THE GALLANTRY OF FRANCE BY EDMUND GOSSE, C.B. OFFICIER DE LA LEGION D'HONNEUR LONDON WILLIAM HEINEMANN TO LORD RIBBLESDALE _This little book, long the subject of my meditation, suddenly began to take shape one Sunday morning when I was your guest at Gisburne. We were actually starting for church, and the car was at the door, when I announced to you that the spirit moved me to stay behind. "Very well, then," you said, with your habitual good-nature, "we leave you to your folios." My "folios" were the three volumes of one of the smallest of books, the 18mo edition of Vauvenargues published by Plon in 1874. In the midst of a violent thunderstorm, which was like a declaration of war upon your golden Yorkshire summer, I wrote my first pages, and you were so sceptical, when you came back, as to my having done anything but watch the lightning, that I told you you would have to endure the responsibility of being sponsor to a work thus suddenly begun in all the agitation of the elements. So, such as time has proved it, here it is._ CONTENTS INTRODUCTION THREE FRENCH MORALISTS-- LA ROCHEFOUCAULD LA BRUYERE VAUVENARGUES THE GALLANTRY OF FRANCE BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTE INTRODUCTION The object of these essays is to trace back to its source, or to some of its sources--for the soul of France is far too complex to be measured by one system--the spirit of gallantry which inspired the young French officers at the beginning of the war. We cannot examine too minutely, or with too reverent an enthusiasm, the effort of our great ally, and in this theme for our admiration there are many strains, some of which present themselves in apparent opposition to one another. The war has now lasted so long, and has so completely altered its character, that what was true of the temper of the soldiers of France in November 1914 is no longer true in April 1918. Confidence and determination are still there, there is no diminution in domestic intensity or in patriotic fervour, but the long continuance of the struggle has modified the temper of the French officer, and it will probably never be again what it was in the stress and tempest of sacrifice three years and a half ago, when the young French soldiers, flushed with the idealisms which they had imbibed at St. Cyr, rushed to battle like paladins, "with a pure heart," in the rapture of chivalry and duty.