The grip of the church accomplished its purpose, and science, especially the science of medicine, was strangled, almost to the death. Even the people of the time recognized the shortcomings of the physicians. Henricus Cornelius Agrippa (1486-1535), writing in 1530, said with pleasant irony that physic was "a certaine Arte of manslaughter," and that "well neare alwaies there is more daunger in the Physition and the Medicine than in the sicknesse itselfe." He also gives the following picture of a fashionable doctor of his time: "Clad in brave apparaile, having ringes on his fingers glimmeringe with pretious stoanes, and which hath gotten fame and credence for having been in farre countries, or having an obstinate manner of vaunting with stiffe lies that he hath great remedies, and for having continually in his mouth many wordes halfe Greeke and barbarous.... But this will prove to be true, that Physitians moste commonlye be naught. They have one common honour with the hangman, that is to saye, to kill menne and to be recompensed therefore."[20] [3] A. D. White, _History of the Warfare of Science with Theology_, II, p. 113. [4] E. Salverte, _Philosophy of Magic_ (trans. Thompson), II, p. 94. [5] W. E. H. Lecky, _History of European Morals_, I, p. 378. [6] _Ibid._, I, p. 383. [7] _Reponse a l'histoire des oracles_, p. 296. [8] A. D. White, _History of the Warfare of Science with Theology_, II, p. 101. [9] H. T. Buckle, _History of Civilization in England_, II, p. 270. [10] G. F. Fort, _History of Medical Economy During the Middle Ages_, p. 201. [11] For a full discussion of this subject, see A. D. White, _History of the Warfare of Science with Theology_, II, pp. 97-134. [12] A. D. White, _History of the Warfare of Science with Theology_, II, p. 128. [13] Nash, _Life of Lord Westbury_, II, p. 78. [14] Cockayne, _Leechdoms, Wort-cunning, and Star-craft of Early England_, II, p. 177. [15] M. H. Dziewicki, "Exorcizo Te," _Nineteenth Century_, XXIV, p. 580. [16] For a full discussion of this subject, see A. D. White, _History of the Warfare of Science with Theology_, II, pp. 1-167. [17] T. J. Pettigrew, _Superstitions Connected with the History and Practice of Surgery and Medicine_, pp. 51 f. [18] G. F. Fort, _History of Medical Economy During the Middle Ages_, pp. 142 f. [19] E. Salverte, _Philosophy of Magic_ (trans. Thompson), II, p. 96. [20] E. A. King, "Medieval Medicine," _Nineteenth Century_, XXXIV, p. 151. For further references to the effect of demonism, see J. F. Nevius, _Demon Possession and Allied Themes_; J. M. Peebles, _The Demonism of the Ages and Spirit Obsessions_; articles on "Demon," "Demonism," "Demoniacal Possession," and "Devil," in the _Catholic Encyclopedia_, the _New International Encyclopedia_, and the _Encyclopedia Britannica_. CHAPTER IV RELICS AND SHRINES