Three Visitors to Early Plymouth: Letters about the Pilgrim settlement in New England during its first seven yearsAltham, Emmanuel
History
Three Visitors to Early Plymouth: Letters about the Pilgrim settlement in New England during its first seven years
Altham, Emmanuel
Massachusetts -- History -- New Plymouth, 1620-1691
At the south side of the town there flows down a small river of fresh
water, very rapid, but shallow, which takes its rise from several lakes
in the land above, and there empties into the sea; where in April and
the beginning of May, there come so many shad from the sea which want to
ascend that river, that it is quite surprising. This river the English
have shut in with planks, and in the middle with a little door, which
slides up and down, and at the sides with trellice work, through which
the water has its course, but which they can also close with slides.
At the mouth they have constructed it with planks, like an eel-pot, with
wings, where in the middle is also a sliding door, and with trellice
work at the sides, so that between the two [dams] there is a square
pool, into which the fish aforesaid come swimming in such shoals, in
order to get up above, where they deposit their spawn, that at one tide
there are 10,000 to 12,000 fish in it, which they shut off in the rear
at the ebb, and close up the trellices above, so that no more water
comes in; then the water runs out through the lower trellices, and they
draw out the fish with baskets, each according to the land he
cultivates, and carry them to it, depositing in each hill three or four
fishes, and in these they plant their maize, which grows as luxuriantly
therein as though it were the best manure in the world. And if they do
not lay this fish therein, the maize will not grow, so that such is the
nature of the soil.
New Plymouth lies on the slope of a hill stretching east towards the
sea-coast, with a broad street about a cannon shot of 800 feet long,
leading down the hill; with a [street] crossing in the middle,
northwards to the rivulet and southwards to the land.[157] The houses
are constructed of clapboards, with gardens also enclosed behind and at
the sides with clapboards, so that their houses and courtyards are
arranged in very good order, with a stockade against sudden attack; and
at the ends of the streets there are three wooden gates. In the center,
on the cross street, stands the Governor’s house, before which is a
square stockade upon which four patereros are mounted, so as to enfilade
the streets. Upon the hill they have a large square house, with a flat
roof, built of thick sawn planks stayed with oak beams, upon the top of
which they have six cannon, which shoot iron balls of four and five
pounds, and command the surrounding country. The lower part they use for
their church, where they preach on Sundays and the usual holidays. They
assemble by beat of drum, each with his musket or firelock, in front of
the captain’s door; they have their cloaks on, and place themselves in
order, three abreast, and are led by a sergeant without beat of drum.
Behind comes the Governor, in a long robe; beside him on the right hand,
comes the preacher with his cloak on, and on the left hand, the captain
with his side-arms and cloak on, and with a small cane in his hand; and
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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