Three Visitors to Early Plymouth: Letters about the Pilgrim settlement in New England during its first seven yearsAltham, Emmanuel
History
Three Visitors to Early Plymouth: Letters about the Pilgrim settlement in New England during its first seven years
Altham, Emmanuel
Massachusetts -- History -- New Plymouth, 1620-1691
Yet can it not be denied but that these of the
Summer Islands[9] are blessed with the same privilege according to the
saying of St. Paul, “If the firstfruits be holy, the lump is also
holy.”[10]
But to leave this privilege to them whom it concerns, and to describe to
your Lordship the excellency of the place. First, the harbour is not
only pleasant for air and prospect, but most sure for shipping, both
small and great, being land-locked on all sides. The town is seated on
the ascent of a hill, which besides the pleasure of variable objects
entertaining the unsatisfied eye, such is the wholesomeness of the place
(as the Governor[11] told me) that for the space of one whole year of
the two wherein they had been there, died not one man, woman or child.
This healthfulness is accompanied with much plenty both of fish and fowl
every day in the year, as I know no place in the world that can match
it. In March the eels come forth out of places where they lie bedded all
winter, into the fresh streams, and there into the sea, and in their
passages are taken in pots. In September they run out of the sea into
the fresh streams, to bed themselves in the ground all winter, and are
taken again in pots as they return homewards. In winter the inhabitants
dig them up, being bedded in gravel not above two or three foot deep,
and all the rest of the year they may take them in pots in the salt
water of the bay. They are passing sweet, fat and wholesome, having no
taste at all of the mud, and are as great as ever I saw any.
In April and May come up another kind of fish which they call herring or
old wives[12] in infinite schools, into a small river[13] running under
the town, and so into a great pond or lake of a mile broad, where they
cast their spawn, the water of the said river being in many places not
above half a foot deep. Yea, when a heap of stones is reared up against
them a foot high above the water, they leap and tumble over, and will
not be beaten back with cudgels. Which confirmeth not only that of
Horace, “_Naturam expellas furca licet_,” etc.,[14] but that also which
was thought a fable of Friar Beatus Odoricus, namely, that in some parts
where he had travelled, the fish in the springtime did cast themselves
out of the sea upon the dry land.[15] The inhabitants during the said
two months take them up every day in hogsheads. And with those they eat
not they manure the ground, burying two or three in each hill of
corn—and may, when they are able, if they see cause, lade whole ships
with them. At their going up they are very fat and savory, but at their
coming down, after they have cast their spawns, they are shot, and
therefore lean and unwholesome. Into another river some two miles to the
northeast of Plymouth,[16] all the month of May the great smelts pass up
to spawn, likewise in troops innumerable, which with a scoop or a bowl,
or a piece of bark, a man may cast up upon the bank.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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