BAY-ICE.--Ice newly formed upon the surface of the sea. The expression is, however, applied also to ice a foot or two in thickness. BESET.--The situation of a ship when closely surrounded by ice. BIGHT.--An indentation in a floe of ice, like a bay, by which name it is sometimes called. BLINK.--A peculiar brightness in the atmosphere, often assuming an arch-like form, which is generally perceptible over ice or land covered with snow. The blink of land, as well as that over _large_ quantities of ice, is usually of a yellowish cast. BORE.--The operation of "boring" through loose ice consists in entering it under a press of sail, and forcing the ship through by separating the masses. CALF.--A mass of ice lying under a floe near its margin, and, when disengaged from that position, rising with violence to the surface of the water. See TONGUE. CLEAR WATER.--Any part of the sea unencumbered with ice. CROW'S NEST.--A small circular house like a cask, fixed at the masthead, in which the look-out man sits, either to guide the ship through the ice or to give notice of whales. DOCK.--In a floe may be natural or artificial; the former being simply a small "bight," in which a ship is placed to secure her from the danger of external pressure; and the latter, a square space cut out with saws for a similar purpose. FIELD.--A sheet of ice generally of great thickness, and of too great extent to be seen over from a ship's masthead. FLINCHING.--The operation of stripping a sea-animal of its skin and blubber. FLOE.--The same as a field, except that its extent can be distinguished from a ship's masthead. A "bay-floe" is a floe of ice newly formed. FLOE-PIECE.--An expression generally applied to small pieces of floes, not more than a furlong square. A HOLE or POOL of Water.--A small space of "clear water," when the rest of the sea is covered with ice. HUMMOCK.--A mass of ice rising to a considerable height above the general level of a floe, and forming a part of it. Hummocks are originally raised by the pressure of floes against each other. LAND-ICE.--Ice attached to the land, either in floes or in heavy grounded masses lying near the shore. LANE of Water.--A narrow channel among the masses of ice, through which a boat or ship may pass. LEAD.--A channel through the ice. A ship is said to "take the right lead" when she follows a channel conducting her into a more navigable sea, and _vice versâ_. MAKING-OFF Blubber.--The operation of putting it into casks. NIPPED.--The situation of a ship when forcibly pressed by ice. PACK.--A large body of ice, consisting of separate masses, lying close together, and whose extent cannot be seen. PANCAKE-ICE.--Newly formed ice, assuming the peculiar conformation of numberless patches of "sludge," and giving the surface of the sea the appearance of a handsome pavement. PATCH of Ice.--The same as a pack, but of small dimensions.