Chubut, Territory of, 224. Church, F. E., “Heart of the Andes,” by, 365. Cigars, Brazilian, 159. Cipango, island of (Japan), 9, 14. Ciudad Bolívar, 412, 416. Club life in Buenos Aires, 207-210. Coast Range, Brazilian, 163-164. Coati, island of, 57, 336. Coca, 357. Coca leaf, chewing of the, 262-263. Cochabamba, 261. Cochrane, Lord, 127. Cocoa, 357-358. Coelho, Duarte, 34. Coffee, production of, in Brazil, 136; in State of São Paulo, 176; exportation of, from Santos, 182-183; beginnings and increase in growth of, in Brazil, 183-184; description of plantations, 184-185; production of, in Colombia, 380; in Venezuela, 401; Maracaibo coffee, 404. Colleges, at São Paulo, 179. Colocolo, Araucanian chief, 106. Colombia, early exploration of, 90-97; formation of Republic of, 131; location and area, 375; mountains and river systems, 375-376; mineral wealth, 376-379; agricultural products, 379-380; range in climate, 380-381; railways, 381-382; mountain scenery, 382-384; trip down the Magdalena River, 389-392; cities and seaports, 392-396; commercial possibilities of, 397-399. Colonial system, Spanish, in South America, 113-120. Colón Opera House, Buenos Aires, 206-207. _Colorados_, Uruguayan political faction, 238. Columbus, Bartholomew, 7, 10, 15. Columbus, Christopher, 7-11; personal appearance, 11; historic voyage of, 11-13; second voyage of, 15-16; later voyages and death, 16-17. Columbus, Diego, 15. Coluna, Mt., 405. Commerce, of Argentina, 191-192; at Buenos Aires, 200-201; of Uruguay, 235; of Chile, 277; possibilities for, in Colombia, 397-399; of Venezuela, 419; of the Guianas, 427-428. Compilation of Laws of the Kingdoms of the Indies, code known as, 113, 114. Concepción, Chile, 105, 287. Concha, Mt., 405. Conway, Sir Martin, quoted, 280-282, 311-313. Copper, in Bolivia, 266. _See_ Mineral resources. Coquimbo, Chile, 100, 101. Coquimbo, Province of, 287. Córdoba, city of, 195. Córdoba, University of, 198. Coro, Venezuela, 405-406. Corrientes, 245. Cortés, Hernando, 30-31, 81. Cosmas, Egyptian monk, 2-3. Cotopaxi, Mt., 367. Council of the Indies, 35, 117. Cucutá, battle of, 131. Cumaná, Venezuela, 402. Curaçao, Island of, 406. Curtis, W. E., quoted, 164-165, 301. Cuzco, founding of, in 12th century, 48; appearance of, at time of the Incas, 52; Pizarro’s march on and occupation of, 68-70; description of, 342-344, 349-351; ruins at, 343-349. Darwin, Mt., 311. D’Aubigny, quoted, 262. Davila, Pedrarias, 36. Dawson, T. C., quoted, 6, 23, 37, 41, 83-85, 88-89, 100-101, 111, 158-159, 246-249, 250-251. Desiderato, Cape, 28. Desolation Island, 310. De Soto, Hernando, 43-44, 68. Devil’s Island, French Guiana, 428. Diamantina, town of, 189. Diamonds, Brazilian, 189; black, mined in State of Bahia, 189. Dias, Arthur, quoted, 140.