East Africa was delimited into two spheres of influence, divided by the mouth of the Umbe River, the northern base of Kilimanjaro Mountain, and thence by a line stretching to the eastern shore of the Victoria Nyanza at the 1st degree of south latitude. On the 25th May, 1887, the Sultan of Zanzibar signed a fifty years’ concession of all his rights remaining to him, after the lease he had given to Germany on the 4th December previous, to the British East African Association. In April of the following year the Association, having through its agents concluded treaties with the native tribes to a distance of two hundred miles inland, became the Imperial British East African Company with the nominal capital of £2,000,000, for the purpose of administering the Zanzibar Concession, acquiring territory, and to undertake trading operations. Meantime, early in 1887, four months previous to the formation of the British East African Association, I had started on my fourth expedition into the Dark Continent, with the object of carrying relief to Emin Pasha, to whom had been entrusted the government of the Egyptian provinces near the Equator, by the late General Gordon. Few persons at the time knew that Emin Pasha was only another name for a Dr. Edouard Schnitzer, and that he was a German Israelite by birth. The fund for the relief was contributed to equally by the Egyptian Government and Sir William Mackinnon’s personal friends. The story of the march to Emin’s relief and his arrival at the Zanzibar coast with my expedition, has been related in detail in ‘Darkest Africa,’ and there is no necessity to give even a summary of it here. During the journey through the Aruwimi Forest and thence to Zanzibar, we were able to add considerably to our knowledge of the Equatorial regions. That of the great forest itself, with its pigmies and cannibals, was no mean addition, but our march eastward led to the discovery of the snowy range called Ruwenzori, the interesting Semliki Valley and its river, which by following upward brought us in view of the Albert Edward Nyanza, and enabled me to identify it as the lake I had first seen in January, 1876. The topography of the intra-lake region became also much better known; and a little later the outline of the Victoria Nyanza received enlargement by the finding of an unknown south-western bay of important dimensions.