Views of Mercury, however, such as they are, are by no means so
difficult to secure as is sometimes supposed. Denning remarks that
he has seen the planet on about sixty-five occasions with the naked
eye--that in May, 1876, he saw it on thirteen different evenings, and
on ten occasions between April 22 and May 11, 1890; and he states
it as his opinion that anyone who will make it a practice to obtain
naked-eye views should succeed from about twelve to fifteen times in
the year. During the spring of 1905, to take a recent example, Mercury
was quite a conspicuous object for some time in the Western sky, close
to the horizon, and there was no difficulty whatever in obtaining
several views of him both with the telescope and with the naked eye,
though the disc was too much disturbed by atmospheric tremors
for anything to be made of it telescopically. In his little book,
'Half-hours with the Telescope,' Proctor gives a method of finding the
planet which would no doubt prove quite satisfactory in practice, but
is somewhat needlessly elaborate. Anyone who takes the pains to
note those dates when Mercury is most favourably placed for
observation--dates easily ascertained from Whitaker or any other good
almanac--and to carefully scan the sky near the horizon after sunset
either with the naked eye, or, better, with a good binocular, will
scarcely fail to detect the little planet which an old English writer
more graphically than gracefully calls 'a squinting lacquey of the
sun.'
Mercury is about 3,000 miles in diameter, and circles round the sun at
a mean distance of 36,000,000 miles. His orbit is very eccentric, so
that when nearest to the sun this distance is reduced to 28,500,000,
while when furthest away from him it rises to 43,500,000. The
proportion of sunlight which falls upon the planet must therefore vary
considerably at different points of his orbit. In fact, when he is
nearest to the sun he receives nine times as much light and heat
as would be received by an equal area of the earth; but when the
conditions are reversed, only four times the same amount. The bulk of
the planet is about one-nineteenth that of the earth, but its weight
is only one-thirtieth, so that its materials are proportionately less
dense than those of our own globe. It is about 3-1/2 times as dense as
water, the corresponding figure for the earth being rather more than
5-1/2.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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