However frequently and warmly the theory of the origin of chorea in
a neuropathic predisposition was advocated by Charcot, the fact of
its usual evolution consecutive to some toxic or infective process
is no less certain. Its incidence is greatest in children and the
adolescent; it runs a regular course of increase and decrease; and
the circumstances which cause the symptoms to vary during this
cycle are never sufficiently potent to bring about even transitory
suppression of them.
It is true that changes in the intensity of the symptoms seem to
confer a remittent character on the affection, but there is nothing
at all comparable to the sudden and unexpected waxing and waning of
the form of chorea at present under consideration. None of the
pathological attributes just mentioned concerns variable chorea,
which, in addition, differs from Sydenham's chorea in two
points--the multiplicity of the types of movement, and the fact
that the patient can voluntarily check his involuntary actions. For
these reasons, assimilation of the two clinical varieties is
impossible, and the confusion of the two in practice need never
occur.
A form of chorea entitled "habit spasm" by Gowers, and "habit chorea" by
Weir Mitchell, has been the subject of further study by Sinkler,[179]
but in all probability the cases of this description reported are
instances of the variable chorea of Brissaud.
B. Huntington's Chorea
In spite of the preponderating etiological significance of heredity and
the constancy of psychical imperfections in the chronic chorea of
Huntington, its confusion with tic is not at all likely to occur.
Difficulties might arise in distinguishing chorea major from variable
chorea, however, and here we have the views of Brissaud to help us.
True chronic chorea is an incurable neurosis, of life-long
duration. We have no trouble in pronouncing a diagnosis of chronic
chorea if the symptoms date back five, ten, or twenty years, but
they must have had a commencement, and the whole problem is to
foretell the course of a chorea as yet only a few weeks or months
old.
The involuntary movements of chronic chorea, like those of
Sydenham's chorea, are illogical, but they are combined in a
co-ordinate manner--that is to say, certain functionally associated
muscular groups act simultaneously as for a particular end: the
patient shrugs his shoulders, closes his fists, cracks his fingers,
utters cries, he swallows, sniffs, sucks in his breath, makes the
sound of kissing, etc, in all of which actions orderly
participation of the musculature in a foreordained way is evident.
Slight twitching of individual muscles and parts of muscles also
occurs.
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