There is no limitation of the movements to a special division of
the body; on the contrary, they spread from one muscle to another,
and from one segment to another, rapidly and arhythmically. The
gait is by turns skipping, dancing, or stumbling, interrupted by
falls or by abrupt jerks of the loins. Speech is uncertain or
monotonous; writing is incorrect and badly formed, sometimes
illegible. A fact of the utmost importance is that all these
involuntary movements may be modified, abated, relieved, so to
speak, by voluntary movements in an inverse direction. In some
cases the power of willing is still sufficiently developed to
permit of the patient's following his occupation.
The steadily progressing increase in the seriousness of the motor
trouble, paralleled by progressing mental deterioration, is one of the
most significant factors in the differential diagnosis. It is precisely
the variability of the symptoms that distinguishes variable chorea.
C. Hysterical Chorea
The conditions to which the name of hysterical chorea is applied may
assume two forms, the commoner being known as rhythmical chorea, the
other as arhythmical chorea. In the former case the convulsive movements
are usually unilateral, being confined sometimes to a single limb, and
reproducing, for instance, the actions of dancing (saltatory chorea), or
of swimming (natatory chorea), or such professional movements as those
of the blacksmith (_chorée malléatoire_). Occasionally there is a more
or less faithful reproduction of deliberate and purposive acts in the
form of attacks of varying duration, recurring, moreover--and this is
their cardinal feature--at equal intervals.
Under the title of disease of the tics two cases have been published by
Nonne,[180] the first consisting of rhythmical twitches in a man of
forty years, secondary to a head injury, the other presenting similar
appearances, but concerning a young girl of eighteen years who had
sustained a shock. In neither was there any sign of hysteria. The
reporter animadverts on the designation "rhythmical chorea," and
protests that the systematisation and co-ordination of the movements are
very different from the clinical picture of Sydenham's chorea, while
their rhythmical nature does not allow of their being classified as tic.
Sometimes hysterical chorea is arhythmical--that is to say, the
movements are irregular and contradictory, as in ordinary chorea. True
chorea in cases of hysteria comes under this heading, as well as those
cases where hysterical patients imitate the movements of chorea. The
presence of the distinctive characters of hysteria makes a diagnosis of
tic improbable.
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