Produced by Clare Graham & Marc D'Hooghe at Free Literature (Images generously made available by the Internet Archive) TIME AND FREE WILL An Essay on the Immediate Data of Consciousness BY HENRI BERGSON MEMBER OF THE INSTITUTE PROFESSOR AT THE COLLÈGE DE FRANCE Authorized Translation _by_ F. L. POGSON, M.A. LONDON GEORGE ALLEN & COMPANY, LTD. RUSKIN HOUSE, 44 AND 45 RATHBONE PLACE NEW YORK: THE MACMILLAN COMPANY 1913 Καὶ εἴ τις δὲ τὴν φύσίν ἔροιτο τίνος ἔνεκα ποίεῐ εἰ τοῡ ἐρωτῶντος ἐθέλοι ἐπαΐειν καὶ λέγειν, εἴποι ἄν "ἐχρῆν μὲν μὴ ἐρωτἂν, ἀλλὰ συνιέναι καὶ αὐτὸν σιωπῇ, ὤσπερ ἐγὼ σιωπώ καὶ οὐκ εἴθισμαι λέγειν." PLOTINUS. TRANSLATOR'S PREFACE Henri Louis Bergson was born in Paris, October 18, 1859. He entered the École normale in 1878, and was admitted agrégé de philosophie in 1881 and docteur ès lettres in 1889. After holding professorships in various provincial and Parisian lycées, he became maître de conférences at the École normale supérieure in 1897, and since 1900 has been professor at the Collège de France. In 1901 he became a member of the Institute on his election to the Académie des Sciences morales et politiques. A full list of Professor Bergson's works is given in the appended bibliography. In making the following translation of his _Essai sur les données immédiates de la conscience_ I have had the great advantage of his co-operation at every stage, and the aid which he has given has been most generous and untiring. The book itself was worked out and written during the years 1883 to 1887 and was originally published in 1889. The foot-notes in the French edition contain a certain number of references to French translations of English works. In the present translation I am responsible for citing these references from the original English. This will account for the fact that editions are sometimes referred to which have appeared subsequently to 1889. I have also added fairly extensive marginal summaries and a full index.