Astronomical motions on which our time is founded. -- Reasons for selecting the sidereal day as a basis for our 24-hour day. -- Year of the seasons shorter than the zodiacal year. -- Precession of the equinoxes. -- Earth's rotation most uniform motion known to us. -- Time stars and transits. -- Local time. -- The date line. -- Standard time. -- Beginning and ending of a day. -- Proposed universal time. -- Clock dial for universal time and its application to business. -- Next great improvement in clocks and watches indicated. -- Automatic recording of the earth's rotation. -- Year of the seasons as a unit for astronomers. -- General conclusions Page 53 ILLUSTRATIONS Page Portrait of James Arthur 8 Interpretation of Chinese and Japanese Methods of Time Keeping 15 Portable Bronze Sundial from the Ruins of Herculaneum 16 Noon-Mark Sundials 17 Modern Horizontal Sundial for Latitude 40°-43´ 18 The Earth, Showing Relation of Dial Styles to Axis 18 Modern Sundial Set Up in Garden 18 "Time-Boy" of India 19 "Hon-woo-et-low," or "Copper Jars Dropping Water"--Canton, China 19 Modern Sand Glass or "Hour Glass" 20 Tower of the Winds, Athens, Greece 20 Key to Japanese Figures 25 Japanese Dials Set for Long and Short Days 25 Japanese Striking Clock with Weight and Short Pendulum 26 Japanese Striking Clock with Spring, Fusee and Balance 26 Japanese Clock with Vertical Dial, Weight and Balance 27 Japanese Clock with Vertical Dial Having Curved Lines, Weight and Balance 27 Japanese Vertical Dials 28 Japanese Striking Clock with Two Balances and Two Escapements 29 "Twelve Horary Branches" and "10 Celestial Stems" as Used in Clocks 30 Key to "12 Horary Branches" and "10 Celestial Stems" 30 Dial of Japanese Astronomical Clock 31 Use of "Yeng Number" and Animal Names of Hours 32 Public Dial by James Arthur 37 Dial of Philadelphia City Hall Clock 37 Verge Escapement 37 De Vick's Clock of 1364 38 Anchor Escapement 38