APPENDIX PAGE I. Expenditure on Science and Art 119 II. Legislation of Frederick the Great 120 III. Effect of Modern Entertainments on the Mind of Youth 124 IV. Drunkenness as the Cause of Crime 124 V. Abuse of Food 126 VI. Regulations of Trade 128 VII. Letter to the Editor of the _Pall Mall Gazette_ 130 PREFACE. The following Letters were written to Mr. Thomas Dixon, a working cork-cutter of Sunderland, during the agitation for Reform in the spring of the present year. They contain, in the plainest terms I could use, the substance of what I then desired to say to our English workmen, which was briefly this:--"The reform you desire may give you more influence in Parliament; but your influence there will of course be useless to you,--perhaps worse than useless, until you have wisely made up your minds what you wish Parliament to do for you; and when you _have_ made up your minds about that, you will find, not only that you can do it for yourselves, without the intervention of Parliament; but that eventually nobody _but_ yourselves can do it. And to help you, as far as one of your old friends may, in so making up your minds, such and such things are what it seems to me you should ask for, and, moreover, strive for with your heart and might." The letters now published relate only to one division of the laws which I desired to recommend to the consideration of our operatives,--those, namely, bearing upon honesty of work, and honesty of exchange. I hope in the course of next year that I may be able to complete the second part of the series, [I could not; but 'Fors Clavigera' is now (1872) answering the same end:] which will relate to the possible comforts and wholesome laws, of familiar household life, and the share which a laboring nation may attain in the skill, and the treasures, of the higher arts. The letters are republished as they were written, with, here and there, correction of a phrase, and omission of one or two passages of merely personal or temporary interest; the headings only are added, in order to give the reader some clue to the general aim of necessarily desultory discussion; and the portions of Mr. Dixon's letters in reply, referred to in the text, are added in the Appendix, and will be found well deserving of attention. DENMARK HILL, _December 14, 1867._ TIME AND TIDE, BY WEARE AND TYNE. LETTER I. THE TWO KINDS OF CO-OPERATION.--IN ITS HIGHEST SENSE IT IS NOT YET THOUGHT OF. DENMARK HILL, _February 4, 1867._ MY DEAR FRIEND,