another, to be put together in the watch manufactory, which is finally to produce them unitedly as an entire watch. Division of labour provides a larger amount of skilled work, and a more satisfactory result, than any other method. The workman whose entire life is spent in making the head of a pin or in fixing it on, will do his work better than the man, however clever he may be, who should attempt to make the whole pin; and not only is the work thus better done, but it is done by combination much more expeditiously and cheaply. All that the watch-manufacturer can do by way of choosing his materials is, however, of course, but antecedent to his own work of actual construction, of finishing, examining, and regulating. He is to the watch what the architect is to a house; the latter is none the less the rearer of the structure because he did not himself make the bricks, or saw the timber, or mix the mortar. Each subordinate brings certain materials to the hand of the constructor, and he combines them, and gives them their places, he turns them into shape and produces them as a perfect whole. So the watch-manufacturer, instead of going himself back through the various stages of work which in Nuremberg-egg time had, perhaps, all to be done by one pair of hands, chooses, adapts, combines the labours of hundreds of busy collaborateurs, all of whom have made portions and pieces,--he alone makes the Watch. COMPLICATED WATCHES are so called because besides the ordinary watch movement they possess other mechanism more or less complicated, by means of which they can indicate special portions of time,--as for instance the _Chronograph_, which marks on its dial the fifth of a second; the _Quarter_, and _Half-Quarter_, and _Minute Repeaters_, which furnish the time in the dark to within a minute, and are invaluable to invalids and blind persons; the _Clock-Watch_, which strikes the hours even in the pocket; the _Clock-Watch Repeater_, which strikes and repeats; the _Independent split Centre Seconds, and Fifth Seconds Watch_, which shows (by comparing the one with the other) the lapse of time to the fifth of a second; the _Perpetual Calendar Watch_, which shows the day of the week and of the month, the name of the month, the phases of the moon, &c.; the _Perpetual Calendar Repeating Watch_, which in addition to the calendar shows by a repeater the hour, quarter, and minute; and the _Meridian Watch_, which shows the time of day in any given number of places in any part of the world. A few words descriptive of the peculiarities of each of the above complicated watches will be necessary here, and observing the sequence as above, the following brief particulars will perhaps be sufficient for ordinary reference, or for being kept in memory. +----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | [Illustration: Complicated Watches.] | +----------------------------------------------------------------------+