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Toadstools, mushrooms, fungi, edible and poisonous; one thousand American fungi: How to select and cook the edible; how to distinguish and avoid the poisonous, with full botanic descriptions. Toadstool poisons and their treatment, instructions to students, recipes for cooking, etc., etc.McIlvaine, Charles

Science

Toadstools, mushrooms, fungi, edible and poisonous; one thousand American fungi: How to select and cook the edible; how to distinguish and avoid the poisonous, with full botanic descriptions. Toadstool poisons and their treatment, instructions to students, recipes for cooking, etc., etc.

Name: Toadstools, mushrooms, fungi, edible and poisonous; one thousand American fungi: How to select and cook the edible; how to distinguish and avoid the poisonous, with full botanic descriptions. Toadstool poisons and their treatment, instructions to students, recipes for cooking, etc., etc.
Author: McIlvaine, Charles

McIlvaine, Charles

Cooking (Mushrooms); Edible mushrooms -- North America; Fungi -- North America; Mushrooms; Mushrooms, Poisonous -- North America

In the West Virginia mountains C. fusipes is frequent. Caps in the
clusters rarely exceed 1½ in. across. They show an auburn or burgundy
shade of brown in their color. When young they are smooth and appear to
remain so unless rained upon or moistened, when they crack more or less
finely in drying. At first the connection of the gills with the stem is
peculiar—they join in a collar-like ring at the top of the stem. As the
cap expands the gills part more or less and separate from the stem. The
stem is markedly spindle-shaped, though variously flattened by
compression in dense clusters; the outside often splitting, breaking and
turning out from the stem.

The caps, alone, are good, the stem being hard and refractory. The caps
are very fine, cooked in any way.

The caps dry well, and are a pleasant addition to gravies, soups and
other dishes. They make a choice pickle.


                      ** _Gills narrow, crowded._


=C. macula´ta= A. and S.—_macula_, a spot. =Pileus= fleshy, firm, convex
or nearly plane, even, glabrous, white or whitish, sometimes varied with
reddish spots or stains. =Flesh= white. =Gills= narrow, crowded,
adnexed, sometimes nearly or quite free, white or whitish. =Stem=
generally stout, firm, equal or slightly swollen in the middle, striate,
white, stuffed or sometimes hollow, commonly narrowed at the base,
rooting, often curved at the base, rarely slightly thickened and blunt.
=Spores= subglobose, 4–6µ broad, sometimes showing a slight point at one
end.

=Pileus= 2–4 in. broad. =Stem= 2–4 in. long, 3–6 lines thick.

Var. _immacula´ta_ Cke. This differs from the type in having no reddish
spots or stains.

This species is easily recognized by its large size, firm or compact
substance and white color. It grows in soil filled with decaying
vegetable matter or on much decayed wood. _Peck_, 49th Rep. N.Y. State
Bot.

West Philadelphia, Pa. Weed grown lot near University of Pennsylvania.
September to frost. Grew gregariously over a large lot. The plants
varied greatly in size and appearance. The gills of most were crenulate
(scalloped). Assorted specimens were sent Professor Peck who wrote:
“They are all forms of C. maculata.”

The caps were stewed and eaten in abundance by many, and pronounced
“Fine.”


(Plate XXX.)

[Illustration: COLLYBIA BUTYRACEA.]

Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.

Opening the text

Science

Toadstools, mushrooms, fungi, edible and poisonous; one thousand American fungi: How to select and cook the edible; how to distinguish and avoid the poisonous, with full botanic descriptions. Toadstool poisons and their treatment, instructions to students, recipes for cooking, etc., etc.

McIlvaine, Charles

Cooking (Mushrooms); Edible mushrooms -- North America; Fungi -- North America; Mushrooms; Mushrooms, Poisonous -- North America

In the West Virginia mountains C. fusipes is frequent. Caps in the
clusters rarely exceed 1½ in. across. They show an auburn or burgundy
shade of brown in their color. When young they are smooth and appear to
remain so unless rained upon or moistened, when they crack more or less
finely in drying. At first the connection of the gills with the stem is
peculiar—they join in a collar-like ring at the top of the stem. As the
cap expands the gills part more or less and separate from the stem. The
stem is markedly spindle-shaped, though variously flattened by
compression in dense clusters; the outside often splitting, breaking and
turning out from the stem.

The caps, alone, are good, the stem being hard and refractory. The caps
are very fine, cooked in any way.

The caps dry well, and are a pleasant addition to gravies, soups and
other dishes. They make a choice pickle.


                      ** _Gills narrow, crowded._


=C. macula´ta= A. and S.—_macula_, a spot. =Pileus= fleshy, firm, convex
or nearly plane, even, glabrous, white or whitish, sometimes varied with
reddish spots or stains. =Flesh= white. =Gills= narrow, crowded,
adnexed, sometimes nearly or quite free, white or whitish. =Stem=
generally stout, firm, equal or slightly swollen in the middle, striate,
white, stuffed or sometimes hollow, commonly narrowed at the base,
rooting, often curved at the base, rarely slightly thickened and blunt.
=Spores= subglobose, 4–6µ broad, sometimes showing a slight point at one
end.

=Pileus= 2–4 in. broad. =Stem= 2–4 in. long, 3–6 lines thick.

Var. _immacula´ta_ Cke. This differs from the type in having no reddish
spots or stains.

This species is easily recognized by its large size, firm or compact
substance and white color. It grows in soil filled with decaying
vegetable matter or on much decayed wood. _Peck_, 49th Rep. N.Y. State
Bot.

West Philadelphia, Pa. Weed grown lot near University of Pennsylvania.
September to frost. Grew gregariously over a large lot. The plants
varied greatly in size and appearance. The gills of most were crenulate
(scalloped). Assorted specimens were sent Professor Peck who wrote:
“They are all forms of C. maculata.”

The caps were stewed and eaten in abundance by many, and pronounced
“Fine.”


(Plate XXX.)

[Illustration: COLLYBIA BUTYRACEA.]

Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.

Toadstools, mushrooms, fungi, edible and poisonous; one thousand American fungi: How to select and cook the edible; how to distinguish and avoid the poisonous, with full botanic descriptions. Toadstool poisons and their treatment, instructions to students, recipes for cooking, etc., etc.

Toadstools, mushrooms, fungi, edible and poisonous; one thousand American fungi: How to select and cook the edible; how to distinguish and avoid the poisonous, with full botanic descriptions. Toadstool poisons and their treatment, instructions to students, recipes for cooking, etc., etc.

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