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Toadstools, mushrooms, fungi, edible and poisonous; one thousand American fungi: How to select and cook the edible; how to distinguish and avoid the poisonous, with full botanic descriptions. Toadstool poisons and their treatment, instructions to students, recipes for cooking, etc., etc.McIlvaine, Charles

Science

Toadstools, mushrooms, fungi, edible and poisonous; one thousand American fungi: How to select and cook the edible; how to distinguish and avoid the poisonous, with full botanic descriptions. Toadstool poisons and their treatment, instructions to students, recipes for cooking, etc., etc.

Name: Toadstools, mushrooms, fungi, edible and poisonous; one thousand American fungi: How to select and cook the edible; how to distinguish and avoid the poisonous, with full botanic descriptions. Toadstool poisons and their treatment, instructions to students, recipes for cooking, etc., etc.
Author: McIlvaine, Charles

McIlvaine, Charles

Cooking (Mushrooms); Edible mushrooms -- North America; Fungi -- North America; Mushrooms; Mushrooms, Poisonous -- North America

Woods and open places. Common. July to September. _Peck_, 38th Rep. N.Y.
State Bot.

=Spores= white, nearly smooth, 7–9µ. _Peck_; 4×8µ _W.G.S._

West Virginia, Pennsylvania, New Jersey. Woods and open places. July to
October. _McIlvaine._

Poisonous according to some authors. _Cordier._ Edible. _Leveille._
Eaten it for eighteen years. _McIlvaine._

This common, very acrid species is characterized by the downy covering
of its cap.

It is a coarse species, but meaty. Its acridity is lost in cooking, when
it makes a fair dish.


=L. involu´tus= Soppitt.—involved. Every part white or with a very
slight ochraceous tinge. =Pileus= 1–2 in. across, flesh about 1½ lines
thick, equal up to the margin, compact, rigid, convex, soon becoming
plane or slightly depressed, margin strongly and persistently involute,
extreme edge minutely silky, remainder even and glabrous. =Gills= very
slightly decurrent, densely crowded, not ½ line broad, sometimes forked.
=Stem= ⅔-1 in. long, 2–3 lines thick, equal, or slightly thickened at
the base, glabrous, even, solid, very firm. =Milk= white, unchangeable,
not scanty, very hot. =Spores= obliquely elliptical, smooth, 5×3µ.

Very firm and rigid, resembling in habit L. vellereus in miniature. Most
nearly allied to L. scoticus, but known at once by the exceedingly
narrow, densely-crowded gills and the smooth, elliptical spores.
_Massee._

West Virginia, 1881–1885, plentiful. Angora, West Philadelphia. August,
September, 1897. In mixed woods. _McIlvaine._

Much smaller than L. piperatus. =Pileus= convex, then plane with
depressions in center, margin involute. =Gills= slightly decurrent,
densely crowded, very narrow. =Stem= short, firm, solid. =Milk= white,
very hot.

L. involutus is readily mistaken for small forms of L. vellereus and L.
piperatus. The extremely narrow gills, so close and firm that it takes
sharp eyes to follow them, are a distinguishing mark.

Its flesh is of same consistency as L. piperatus—hard and coarse. It
loses its pepperiness in cooking and is a good emergency plant, or
solvent.

         II.—DAPETES—_daps_, food. =Milk= highly colored, etc.

America is rich in this section. Fries records but two species, L.
deliciosus and L. sanguifluus, while America has four. The edible
properties of three are known to be good; L. subpurpureus has not come
under observation, but is added to complete the series as it is probably
edible and is well marked by its dark-red milk. _McIlvaine._

Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.

Opening the text

Science

Toadstools, mushrooms, fungi, edible and poisonous; one thousand American fungi: How to select and cook the edible; how to distinguish and avoid the poisonous, with full botanic descriptions. Toadstool poisons and their treatment, instructions to students, recipes for cooking, etc., etc.

McIlvaine, Charles

Cooking (Mushrooms); Edible mushrooms -- North America; Fungi -- North America; Mushrooms; Mushrooms, Poisonous -- North America

Woods and open places. Common. July to September. _Peck_, 38th Rep. N.Y.
State Bot.

=Spores= white, nearly smooth, 7–9µ. _Peck_; 4×8µ _W.G.S._

West Virginia, Pennsylvania, New Jersey. Woods and open places. July to
October. _McIlvaine._

Poisonous according to some authors. _Cordier._ Edible. _Leveille._
Eaten it for eighteen years. _McIlvaine._

This common, very acrid species is characterized by the downy covering
of its cap.

It is a coarse species, but meaty. Its acridity is lost in cooking, when
it makes a fair dish.


=L. involu´tus= Soppitt.—involved. Every part white or with a very
slight ochraceous tinge. =Pileus= 1–2 in. across, flesh about 1½ lines
thick, equal up to the margin, compact, rigid, convex, soon becoming
plane or slightly depressed, margin strongly and persistently involute,
extreme edge minutely silky, remainder even and glabrous. =Gills= very
slightly decurrent, densely crowded, not ½ line broad, sometimes forked.
=Stem= ⅔-1 in. long, 2–3 lines thick, equal, or slightly thickened at
the base, glabrous, even, solid, very firm. =Milk= white, unchangeable,
not scanty, very hot. =Spores= obliquely elliptical, smooth, 5×3µ.

Very firm and rigid, resembling in habit L. vellereus in miniature. Most
nearly allied to L. scoticus, but known at once by the exceedingly
narrow, densely-crowded gills and the smooth, elliptical spores.
_Massee._

West Virginia, 1881–1885, plentiful. Angora, West Philadelphia. August,
September, 1897. In mixed woods. _McIlvaine._

Much smaller than L. piperatus. =Pileus= convex, then plane with
depressions in center, margin involute. =Gills= slightly decurrent,
densely crowded, very narrow. =Stem= short, firm, solid. =Milk= white,
very hot.

L. involutus is readily mistaken for small forms of L. vellereus and L.
piperatus. The extremely narrow gills, so close and firm that it takes
sharp eyes to follow them, are a distinguishing mark.

Its flesh is of same consistency as L. piperatus—hard and coarse. It
loses its pepperiness in cooking and is a good emergency plant, or
solvent.

         II.—DAPETES—_daps_, food. =Milk= highly colored, etc.

America is rich in this section. Fries records but two species, L.
deliciosus and L. sanguifluus, while America has four. The edible
properties of three are known to be good; L. subpurpureus has not come
under observation, but is added to complete the series as it is probably
edible and is well marked by its dark-red milk. _McIlvaine._

Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.

Toadstools, mushrooms, fungi, edible and poisonous; one thousand American fungi: How to select and cook the edible; how to distinguish and avoid the poisonous, with full botanic descriptions. Toadstool poisons and their treatment, instructions to students, recipes for cooking, etc., etc.

Toadstools, mushrooms, fungi, edible and poisonous; one thousand American fungi: How to select and cook the edible; how to distinguish and avoid the poisonous, with full botanic descriptions. Toadstool poisons and their treatment, instructions to students, recipes for cooking, etc., etc.

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