=L. fuligino´sus= Fr.—_fuligo_, soot. =Pileus= 1–2.5 in. broad, firm, becoming soft, convex plane or slightly depressed, even, _dry_, zoneless, _dingy ash-color or buff-gray_, appearing as if covered with a dingy pruinosity, the margin sometimes wavy or lobed. =Gills= adnate or subdecurrent, subdistant, whitish then yellowish, becoming _stained with pink-red or salmon-color where wounded_. =Stem= 1–2 in. long, 3–5 lines thick, equal or slightly tapering downward, firm, stuffed, colored like the pileus. =Spores= globose, _yellowish_, 7.5–10µ. =Milk= white, taste tardily and sometimes slightly acrid. Thin woods and open grassy places. Greenbush and Sandlake, N.Y. July and August. _Peck_, 38th Rep. N.Y. State Bot. A form with the pileus colored like that of L. lignyotus, but with the gills much closer than in that species, was found in a swamp near Sevey. July. _Peck_, 43d Rep. POISONOUS. _Barla and Reveil_, _Cordier_. =L. fumo´sus= Pk. =Pileus= 1.5–2.5 in. broad, firm, convex, then expanded and slightly depressed in the center, smooth, dry, smoky-brown or sordid-white. =Gills= close, adnate or slightly rounded behind, white, then yellowish. =Stem= 3–5 lines thick, firm, short, smooth, stuffed, generally tapering downward. =Spores= distinctly echinulate, yellow, 6µ in diameter. =Flesh= and =Milk= white; taste at first mild, then acrid. =Plant= 1.5–2 in. high. Grassy ground in open woods. Greenbush. July. The peculiar smoky hue of the pileus and yellow spores enable this species to be easily recognized. The flesh when wounded slowly changes to a dull pinkish-color. Related to L. fuliginosus. _Peck_, 24th Rep. N.Y. State Bot. ** IMPOLITI. _Pileus downy, etc._ =L. ru´fus= Fr.—red. =Pileus= 2–4 in. broad, convex and centrally depressed, then funnel-shaped, generally with a small umbo, glabrous, sometimes slightly floccose or pubescent when young, especially on the margin, zoneless, _bay-red or brownish-red_, shining. =Gills= narrow or moderately broad, sometimes forked, close, subdecurrent, yellowish or reddish. =Stem= 2–4 in. long, 3–5 lines thick, nearly equal, firm, stuffed, paler than or colored like the pileus. =Spores= white, 7.6–10µ. =Milk= white, taste very acrid. Low woods and swamps. North Elba. August. Rare. The red Lactarius is known by its rather large size, dark-red pileus and intensely acrid taste. It has been found but once in our state. The flesh is pinkish and the stem sometimes pruinose. It is designated by authors as very poisonous and extremely poisonous. Cordier even says that worms never attack it. _Peck_, 38th Rep. N.Y. State Bot. Massachusetts, _Frost_; New York, _Peck_, Rep. 23, Rep. 38. I have not recognized this species. It is given as markedly POISONOUS.