Ohio, _Morgan_; Pennsylvania, _Herbst_; West Virginia, 1881–1885, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, pine, hemlock and mixed woods, July to September. _McIlvaine._ It is of better quality than most coarse-grained Russulæ. FURCA´TÆ. =R. furca´ta= Fr.—_furca_, a fork. =Pileus= 3 in. broad, sometimes greenish, sometimes umber-greenish, fleshy, compact, gibbous then plano-depressed or infundibuliform, _even_, smooth, but often _sprinkled with slightly silky luster_, pellicle here and there separable, margin thin, at first inflexed, then spreading, always _even_. =Flesh= firm, somewhat cheesy, white. =Stem= 2 in. or a little more long, solid, firm, equal or attenuated downward, even, white. =Gills= _adnato-decurrent, rather thick_, somewhat distant but broad, attenuated at both ends, frequently forked, shining white. _Fries._ =Spores= globose, echinulate, 6–7µ _C.B.P._; 7–8×9µ _Massee_. In woods, and grass under trees. The frequently forked gills, from which the species takes its name, their being thick and slightly decurrent, help to distinguish it. It is quite common in its several varieties. =Taste= mild at first. A slight bitter develops which disappears in cooking. It is then of good quality, not equal to R. virescens. Older writers marked it poisonous, doubtless for no other cause than its slight bitter. I have eaten it freely for fifteen years. =R. sangui´nea= Fr.—_sanguis_, blood. =Pileus= 2–3 in. broad, blood-red or becoming pale round the _even_, spreading, _acute margin_, fleshy, firm, at first convex, obtuse, then depressed and infundibuliform and commonly gibbous in the center, polished, even, _moist_ in damp weather. =Flesh= firm, cheesy, white. =Stem= stout, spongy-stuffed, at first contracted at the apex, then equal, slightly striate, white or reddish. =Gills= at first adnate, then truly decurrent, very crowded, very narrow, connected by veins, fragile, somewhat forked, shining white. _Fries._ =Spores= 9–10µ diameter _Massee_. In pine and mixed woods. July to October. Color same as R. rubra but differs in its hard cheesy flesh, rigid, slightly yellowish gills in age. The gills of R. sanguinea are truly decurrent, and pointed in front. Poisonous. _Stevenson._ Krapp says he has experienced grave inconveniences from eating it. Myself and very many friends eat all fresh inviting Russulæ. We do not discriminate against a single peppery or acrid species, not even the R. emetica which has been severely maligned. In fact the peppery Russulæ are usually substantial in flesh and choice in substance. The opinion of many is that R. sanguinea is one of the best. I have eaten it for years.