In woods. Usually in small clusters. Closely allied to Paxillus revolutus, but distinguished by the absence of any tinge of violet on the pileus or stem, and by the persistently white gills. _Massee._ Received from Katherine A. Hall, Danville, N.Y. October, 1898. Raw it tastes like a drug-store smell. Edible, pleasant. TAPI´NIA. (Plate XC.) [Illustration: PAXILLUS INVOLUTUS. One-half natural size. ] =P. involu´tus= (Batsch) Fr.—_involutus_, rolled inward. =Pileus= 2–5 in. broad, fleshy, compact, convexo-plane then depressed, smooth, viscid when moist, shining when dry, yellowish or tawny-ochraceous, _strongly involute_, _margin densely downy_, flesh pallid. =Stem= 2–4 in. high, about ½ in. thick, solid, firm, paler than the pileus, central or eccentric. =Gills= 2–3 lines broad, crowded, branched, anastomosing, _forming pores behind_, whitish then yellowish or rusty, _spotting when bruised_. =Spores= rust-color, ellipsoid or oblong-ellipsoid 8–16×6µ _K._; 5×6µ _W.G.S._ Elliptical, 8–10µ _Peck_. It grows singly or in groups and likes damp mossy soil. Common in cool hemlock or spruce woods in the Adirondack mountains; not rare in the mixed woods of all our hilly districts. When growing on decayed stumps the stem is sometimes eccentric. August, November. _C.H. Peck._ In open woods near Haddonfield, N.J., it grows to a large size and in quantity. In Angora woods near Philadelphia a complete ring of it 20 ft. in diameter was seen. Considered edible throughout Europe and said to be highly esteemed in Russia. The flesh of the American plant is dry and coarse, does not cook tender and is rather tasteless. =P. a´tro-tomento´sus= (Batsch.) Fr.—_ater_, black; _tomentum_, down. =Pileus= 3–6 in. broad, rust-color or reddish-brown, compactly fleshy, eccentric, convex then plane or depressed, margin thin, frequently minutely rivulose, sometimes tomentose in the center. =Flesh= white. =Stem= 3–6 in. high, ½-1 in. thick, stout, solid, elastic, eccentric or lateral, unequal rooting, _covered with dense velvety down, very dark brown_. =Gills= adnate, 3 lines broad, close, anastomosing at the base, yellowish, interspaces venose. =Spores= subhyaline 4–6×3–4µ _K._ Elliptical, pale-yellowish, 5×2.5–3µ _Massee_. Elliptical 5–6×4µ _Peck_. Found near Philadelphia, gregarious in old woods. September. In New Jersey in pine woods on stumps and on the ground, probably growing from roots. _McIlvaine._ Grows singly or cespitose, sometimes in large tufts, when the pileus is frequently irregular from compression. In wet weather the pileus is moist and sometimes obscurely mottled with dark spots. Occasionally it has an unpleasant dirt-like odor. _Peck._ Cordier considers this species suspicious and Paulet inutile on account of its bad taste. The flesh differs from most Paxilli in being very fine grained and cooked is of the consistency of a marshmallow. The taste is marked but pleasant.