Toadstools, mushrooms, fungi, edible and poisonous; one thousand American fungi: How to select and cook the edible; how to distinguish and avoid the poisonous, with full botanic descriptions. Toadstool poisons and their treatment, instructions to students, recipes for cooking, etc., etc.McIlvaine, Charles
Science
Toadstools, mushrooms, fungi, edible and poisonous; one thousand American fungi: How to select and cook the edible; how to distinguish and avoid the poisonous, with full botanic descriptions. Toadstool poisons and their treatment, instructions to students, recipes for cooking, etc., etc.
McIlvaine, Charles
Cooking (Mushrooms); Edible mushrooms -- North America; Fungi -- North America; Mushrooms; Mushrooms, Poisonous -- North America
Woods. Albany county and Catskill mountains. September and October.
The stem splits easily and the pileus becomes paler in drying. It
sometimes becomes cracked in areas. _Peck_, 44th Rep. N.Y. State Bot.
On ground. Mt. Gretna. October and November. 1897. _McIlvaine._
The species was plentiful among the leaf mold, growing from the ground
in mixed woods.
The caps are delicate in substance and flavor.
=T. leucoceph´alum= Fr. _Gr._—white; head. =Pileus= 1½-2 in. across,
convex then plane, even, moist, smooth, but when young covered with a
satiny down; water-soaked after rain. =Flesh= thin, tough, white.
=Gills= rounded behind and almost free, white. =Stem= up to 2 in. long,
¼ in. thick, exterior hard, shining, fibrous; interior hollow but solid
at base which is attenuated and rooting, twisted. =Smell= strong of new
meal. Taste pleasant.
=Spores= 9–10×7–8µ.
Mt. Gretna, Pa. Grassy woods and borders. October to November, 1898.
_McIlvaine._
Quite common. The caps are excellent.
=T. al´bum= Schaeff.—_albus_, white. =Pileus= fleshy, tough, convex,
becoming plane or depressed, obtuse, very dry, even, _glabrous, white_,
sometimes yellowish on the disk, rarely wholly yellowish, the margin at
first involute. =Flesh= white, taste _acrid or bitter_. =Gills=
emarginate, somewhat crowded, distinct, white. =Stem= solid, elastic,
equal or tapering upward, externally fibrous, obsoletely frosted at the
apex, white. =Spores= elliptical, 5–6µ, long.
=Pileus= 2–4 in. broad. =Stem= 2–4 in. long, 4–6 lines thick.
Woods. Common. August to October. This species is variable in color and
in size, being sometimes robust, sometimes slender. It grows singly, in
troops or in tufts. It has no decided odor, but a bitter unpleasant
taste. _Peck_, 44th Rep. N.Y. State Bot.
Cooked, tender and of fair flavor.
** _Gills becoming discolored._
=T. persona´tum= Fr.—wearing a mask (from its many varieties of colors).
(Plate XVIII, p. 60.) =Pileus= compact, becoming soft, thick, convex or
plane, obtuse, regular, moist, bare, variable in color, generally pallid
or ashy tinged with violet or lilac, the margin at first _involute and
frosted with fine hairs_. =Flesh= whitish. =Gills= broad, crowded,
rounded behind, free, _violaceous becoming sordid-whitish or
dingy-brown_. =Stem= generally thick, subbulbous, solid, fibrillose or
frosted with fine hairs, whitish or colored like the pileus. =Spores=
dingy white, subelliptical, 8–9×4–5µ. On white paper the spores have a
slight salmon tint, but they are regular in shape, not angular as in
Entoloma.
=Pileus= 2–5 in. broad. =Stem= 1–3 in. long, 6–12 lines thick. _Peck_,
44th Rep. N.Y. State Bot.
Woods and open places, and growing from old, matted stable straw. Common
over the United States.
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