A machine for turning out plug-tobacco in ribbons, made by the McGowan Pump Co., New York, is shown in Fig. 18. The tobacco is first weighed out in the proper quantities, and spread in a box placed in spaces in a heavy iron table a. When the latter is filled, it is passed to and fro under the heavy iron wheels b, which are loose on the shaft, and which can be adjusted to exert any desired pressure. Twice passing through suffices. The ribbon is made in lengths of 10 feet, and either 5¾ inches or 2⅞ inches wide, as desired. [Illustration: FIG. 18.] _Roll or Twist._—Roll- or twist-tobacco is made by spinning the leaf into a rope, and then subjecting it to hot pressure. Until recently, the spinning was performed by hand, much after the manner of ordinary rope-making by hand. But this slow process is now superseded by a machine made by Robinson and Andrew, of Stockport; it is spoken of in very favourable terms by English manufacturers, and received a diploma of merit at the Philadelphia Exhibition. The machine consists of a combination of 3 rollers, whose surfaces are made of segments, to which lateral to-and-fro motions are given by cams attached to the stands on which the axles of the rollers rotate. The tobacco occupies the central space between the 3 rollers, and it is carried through the machine by the lateral to-and-fro motions given to the segments. The fillers and wrappers are laid on a table joined to the machine. The filler is placed in the cover, and they pass together between the rollers, whose action twists and compresses the tobacco into a roll; this is carried forward and wound on a bobbin, revolving in an open frame, and provided with a guide for equalizing the distribution of the tobacco. [Illustration: FIG. 19. FIG. 20.] [Illustration: FIG. 21.] The machine is shown in Figs. 19 (elevation), 20 (plan), and 21 (end view). The tobacco is laid on the table _a_, provided with a rib _n_, on which the sliding rest _b_ is free to move to and fro; _c d_ are the two lower segmental rollers, the axles of which revolve in stationary bearings; _e_ is the top roller, the axle of which revolves in sliding bearings, fitting in the swing-frame _f_, and each acted upon by a spring _o_, pressing on a pin communicating with the bearing, and putting an elastic pressure on the tobacco. [Illustration: FIG. 22. FIG. 23.]