changed the character of tobacco-growing in Bahia, the process of curing and packing the leaf being simpler than the old process of manufacturing _rolos_. Tobacco-growing is heavily protected and taxed in Brazil, nearly all the provinces imposing separate protective taxes, in addition to those imposed by the Government. Besides these, the municipalities are permitted to levy taxes on the article. The present export tax on tobacco, in Brazil, amounts to as much as 18 per cent. The local market quotations are thus given:— s. d. s. d. Patentes 6808–8170 _real_ (=12 2–14 7) per 10 _kilo._ (= 22 lb.) Santo Amaro, assorted 3 7– 5 8 ” ” Alagrinhas 2791–5106 (5 0– 8 2) ” ” São Felix 3745–4425 (6 8– 7 10½) ” ” The Bahia export in 1883–4 was 15,644,010 _kilo._, value 400,246_l._ _Canary Islands._—With the declining importance of cochineal, tobacco-growing is gaining ground, and the quality of the article has been much improved, while factories for drying and preparing the leaf have been established in various localities. The exports for the year 1883–4 were:—27 lb., value 8_l._, to France; 2268 cwt., value 9809_l._, to Spain; 1753 lb., value 375_l._, to Germany; and 939 lb., value 189_l._, to West Coast of Africa. _China._—The chief tobacco-growing provinces of China are Chihli, Hopih, Hoonan, Szechuen, and Shingking. The use of tobacco is wide-spread and common, and considerable local trade is carried on in it. The exports from Amoy were 2573 _piculs_ (of 133⅓ lb.), value 13,561_l._, in 1877; and 3994½ _piculs_, value 17,936_l._, in 1878. Wenchow exported 27¾ _piculs_ of leaf in 1878, and 321⅓ in 1879. The exports and re-exports from Hankow in 1878 were 65,070¾ _piculs_ of leaf, and 46,241¾ of prepared. In 1879, Hankow exported and re-exported 63,180 _piculs_ prepared, value 311,754_l._, and 58,094 of leaf, value 118,534_l._ There is an immense supply from the provinces, and the leaf is fine in colour, texture, and fragrance, but though sent to America and England for cigar-making, the trade has not been remunerative. It is now used in cigarettes and various cut mixtures as “Turkish,” but when better known, will be smoked on its own merits. Canton exported 1730¾ _piculs_ in 1877, 1742¾ in 1878, and 2397 in 1879. The exports of leaf from Ningpo were 407 _piculs_ in 1874, 571 in 1875, 211 in 1876, 530 in 1877, 378 in 1878, and 165 in 1879. Kiungchow exported 449¼ _piculs_ of leaf in 1878; and 85½ _piculs_, value 136_l._, in 1879. Kiukiang exported 28,120½ _piculs_ of leaf, value 35,678_l._, in 1878; and 14,659 of leaf, and 802 of stalk, in 1879.