Tobacco in Colonial Virginia: "The Sovereign Remedy"Herndon, G. Melvin
History
Tobacco in Colonial Virginia: "The Sovereign Remedy"
Herndon, G. Melvin
Tobacco -- Virginia -- History; Virginia -- History -- Colonial period, ca. 1600-1775
All during the colonial period tobacco was classified into two main
varieties, Oronoco and sweet-scented. Oronoco had a large porous
pointed leaf and was strong in taste. Sweet-scented was milder, the
leaf was rounder and the fibers were finer. We are also told that
sweet-scented grew mostly in the lower parts of Virginia, along the
York and James rivers, and later on the Rappahannock and on the
southside of the Potomac. Oronoco was generally planted up the
Chesapeake Bay area and in the back settlements on the strong land
along all the rivers.
Oronoco is thought to have originated in the vicinity of the Orinoco
River valley in Venezuela. After being brought to a different
environment and climate in Virginia, various varieties or strains of
Oronoco were developed or came about naturally. In the late 1600's a
very fair and bright large Oronoco, Prior, and Kite's Foot were
mentioned. As the years passed planters came to distinguish other
varieties such as Hudson, Frederick, Thick-Joint, Shoe-string,
Thickset, Blue Pryor, Medley Pryor, White Stem, Townsend, Long Green,
Little Frederic, and Browne Oronoco.
A type of tobacco referred to locally as "yellow", had been growing on
the poor, thin, and sandy soils in and around Pittsylvania County,
Virginia, and Caswell County, North Carolina since the early 1820's. It
was just another one of the many local varieties and attracted little
attention until a very lucky accident occurred in 1839. A Negro slave
on the Slade farm in Caswell County, North Carolina, fell asleep while
fire-curing tobacco. Upon awakening, he quickly piled some dry wood on
the dying embers; the sudden drying heat from the revived fires
produced a profound effect--this particular barn of tobacco cured a
bright yellow. This accident produced a curing technique that soon
became known throughout the surrounding area in Virginia and North
Carolina. This tobacco became known as "Bright-Tobacco", and this area
the "Bright-Tobacco Belt".
The many variations were due to the different environments, cultural
practices, methods of curing and breeding; and each of these variations
was given a name because of some particular quality it possessed, or
was given the name of a person or place. The difference in the
composition of the "Bright-Tobacco" grown in the poor sandy soil, such
as that found in Pittsylvania County, caused the tobacco to cure
bright. This so-called new type of tobacco was of the old Virginia
Oronoco and if grown on heavier soils, it produced a much heavier
bodied tobacco and would not make the same response when flue-cured.
Only the tobacco grown in the soils such as that in the "Bright-Tobacco
Belt" cured bright, which indicates that it was the soil and not the
variety that caused the tobacco to be bright when cured.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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